Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System

What is the primary function of the male reproductive system?

To produce, maintain, and transport sperm and semen

What is the primary function of the female reproductive system?

produce the female egg cells, called the ova or oocytes

In addition to sperm production, what hormone do the testes secrete?

testosterone

What is the name of the pouch of skin and connective tissue that contains the testes?

scrotum

Which two muscles help regulate the temperature of the testes?

cremaster muscle and dartos muscle

Where are sperm produced?

in the testes

Which cells secrete testosterone?

interstitial cells

What is another name for the ductus deferens?

vas deferens

Which structure is ligated during a vasectomy?

vas deferens

What carries structures (such as blood vessels and nerves) to and from the testes?

spermatic cord

What are the three structures found in the spermatic cord?

external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle and fascia, and internal spermatic fascia

What accessory glands are located behind the bladder?

prostate gland

Which gland forms a ring around the urethra?

prostate

Which glands are located beneath the prostate within the urogenital diaphragm?

bulbourethral

In the penis, which structure surrounds the urethra?

Corpus sponglosum

Which fold of skin surrounds the glans penis?

prepuce (foreskin)

Which structure are paired dorsal erectile tissues?

corpora cavernosa

Why is the female's reproductive system more complex than the male's?

because they produce gametes, it is also developed to protect and give nutrients to the developing embryo

Which organs produce ova, estrogen, and progesterone?

ovarus

where are the ovaries located?

pelvic cavity

Which ligament attaches the ovary to the uterus?

ovarian ligament

Which portion of the ovary does oogenesis occur in: cortex or medulla?

cortex

When does oogenesis begin in the female?

before birth

What structure (formerly the corpus hemorrhagicum) produces progesterone and estrogen?

corpus luteum

What structure carries the ovulated oocyte from the ovary to the uterus?

uterine tube

Where does fertilization usually occur?

fallopian tube in the oviduct

Is there any direct contact between the infundibulum and the ovary?

no

Name the rounded region of the uterus above the opening to the uterine tubes:

fundus

What is the largest portion of the uterus?

cervix

Which narrowed uterine structure projects into the vagina?

Isthmus

What is the thick layer of smooth muscle that is important during childbirth?

myometrium

What is the innermost layer that lines the uterine cavity?

endometrium

Name the 10 cm muscular tube that extends from the uterus.

vagina

What are the recessed areas around the cervix called?

vaginal fortix

What general term describes the female's external genitalia?

valva (pudendum)

What structures are paired adipose-containing folds and are the homologues of the male scrotum?

Labia majora

Which area is enclosed by the labia minora?

vestibule

What two orifices are contained in the vestibule?

external urethra and vagina

name the circular pigmented area that surround the nipple.

Areola

Which structure produces milk in lactating females?

mammary glands

What do lactiferous ducts expand to form?

nipple