Macroevolution

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28 Terms

1

Geographic area

________ may have variation so that some members of a population may diverge and occupy different local environments that are continuous with each other.

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2

Gene flow

________ between populations holds the phenotype of a population together.

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3

Cladogenetic speciation

________: occurs when a population is different enough from its ancestral species so that no genetic exchange can occur between them.

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4

Drawback

________- different groups of bacteria sometimes display very similar growth characteristics, and even the same species may show great variation in the growth conditions it will tolerate.

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5

Sympatric speciation

________: occurs when members of a species that are within the same range diverge into two or more different species even though there are no physical barriers to interbreeding.

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6

Morphological traits

________: physical characteristics of an organism.

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7

Adaptive radiations

________ can occur when organisms colonize new environments with little competition.

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8

Fusion

________: if hybrids are as fit as parents, there can be substantial gene flow between species.

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9

Reproductive isolation

________: prevents one species from successfully interbreeding with other species.

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10

Presence of a variety of open ecological niches

________ provides opportunity for sympatric speciation by disruptive selection.

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11

extensive gene flow

Stability: ________ from outside the hybrid zone can overwhelm selection for increased reproductive isolation inside the hybrid zone.

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12

Hybrid zones

________ reveal factors that cause reproductive isolation.

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13

Hybrids

________: the result of mating between species with incomplete reproductive barriers.

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14

Reproductive isolation

________ is a result of genetic factors that cause offspring to rely upon resources not used by previous generations.

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15

Adaptive radiation

________: produced from a combination of allopatric and sympatric speciation; the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor.

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16

Morphological traits

physical characteristics of an organism

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17

Biological species concept

states that a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring; they do not breed successfully with other populations

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18

Reproductive isolation

prevents one species from successfully interbreeding with other species

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19

Drawback

different groups of bacteria sometimes display very similar growth characteristics, and even the same species may show great variation in the growth conditions it will tolerate

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20

Biological species concept

species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring, but cannot successfully interbreed with members of other species

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21

Evolutionary lineage concept

species should be defined based on the separate evolution of lineages

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22

Cladogenetic speciation

occurs when a population is different enough from its ancestral species so that no genetic exchange can occur between them

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23

Sympatric speciation

occurs when members of a species that are within the same range diverge into two or more different species even though there are no physical barriers to interbreeding

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24

Hybrid zone

a region in which members of different species mate and produce hybrids

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25

Hybrids

the result of mating between species with incomplete reproductive barriers

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26

Fusion

if hybrids are as fit as parents, there can be substantial gene flow between species

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27

Stability

extensive gene flow from outside the hybrid zone can overwhelm selection for increased reproductive isolation inside the hybrid zone

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28

Adaptive radiation

produced from a combination of allopatric and sympatric speciation; the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor

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