acid -base balance (intro)

acid base - normal values/

balance between input and output of hydrogen ions

acid base balance

diagnostic procedure use for acid base balance

arterial blood gas test

a blood specimen that is oxygenated, often collected from the radial artery, and use for blood gas analysis

Arterial Blood Gas

indicator of hydrogen ions, and measures the acidity and alkalinity of blood

plasma pH

normal range of pH

7.35 - 7.45

this prevents the change in pH

Buffer system

Main buffer system responsible for maintaining balance of hydrogen ions, important in regulating blood pH, and assesed during ABG assessment

Bicarbonate- Carbonic Acid Balance

H2CO3 is

Carbonic acid

HCO3 is

Bicarbonate

The normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in blood

20:1

It regenerate Bicarbonate and reabsorb bicarbonate ions in the renal tubules

Kidneys

secrete Hydrogen ions, Conserve Bicarbonate ions

Acidosis

secrete bicarbonate ions, conserve hydrogen ions

alkalosis

controls CO2 and carbonic acid in the blood

Lungs

lungs increases respiration

metabolic acidosis

lungs decreases respiration

metabolic alkalosis

used to identify the specific acid base disturbance and degree of compensation

ABG analysis

who is responsible for getting blood in artery?

respiratory therapist

common site for abg analysis

radial artery

sample for abg analysis

arterial blood

test used to check the overall blood supply to the hand, specifically assessing the ulnar blood flow before obtaining a blood gas sample from the radial artery

modified allen test

what to assess in allens test

ulnar blood flow

in allens test, what is the result when good circulation and ready to extraction?

negative result

steps in ABG analysis

1. look at pH to determine acid/base

2. determine if respiratory/metabolic

3. deterine degree of compensation

degree of compensation and their meanings

1. fully compensated - ph is normal

2. all compensated - all abnormal

3. uncompensated - etiher HCO3 or CO2 normal, rest abn.

methods use in abg analysis

1. ROME method

2. tic-tac toe method

3. marching band method

HCO3 normal values

22-26 meq/L

CO2 nromal values

35-45 mmHg