Logic and Argument Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, acts of the mind, syllogism elements, evaluation criteria, and laws of logic from the Logic and Argument Review.

definition of an argument

A connected series of statements intended to establish a definite proposition.

Purpose of an Argument

To find truth.

The definition of man according to ancient Greek philosophers.

Rational Animal

Premise

The evidence given for the conclusion.

Conclusion

The truth you're trying to prove.

What are three major characteristics that man possesses that distinguish him from other animals by kind and not merely degree?

conceptual intelligence
able to organize politics and society
machine tools and innovate

First act of the mind, definition, mental product, logical terminology, linguistic terminology

simple apprehension

understanding the intended meaning

concept

term

word or phrase

Second act of the mind, definition, mental product, logical terminology, linguistic terminology

Judging

relating two concepts

judgment

proposition

declarative sentence

Third act of the mind, definition, mental product, logical terminology, linguistic terminology

Reasoning

drawing a conclusion between two or more judgements

argument

argument

paragraph

All four-legged creatures have wings

All spiders have four legs

Therefore: All spiders have wings

Major Term

wings

All four-legged creatures have wings

All spiders have four legs

Therefore: All spiders have wings

Minor Term

spiders

All four-legged creatures have wings

All spiders have four legs

Therefore: All spiders have wings

Middle term

four legs

All four-legged creatures have wings

All spiders have four legs

Therefore: All spiders have wings

Major Premise

All four-legged creatures have wings

All four-legged creatures have wings

All spiders have four legs

Therefore: All spiders have wings

Minor Premise

All spiders have four legs

All four-legged creatures have wings

All spiders have four legs

Therefore: All spiders have wings

Is this valid

Yes

All four-legged creatures have wings

All spiders have four legs

Therefore: All spiders have wings

Is this sound?

No

A term is evaluated for its ___

clarity

A proposition is evaluated for its ___

truth

An argument is evaluated for its ___

validity

A logical structure made up of ___ propositions and ___ terms, where each term is used __.

3, 3, twice

Identify the Laws of Logic:

everything is what it is
a proposition is either true or false
a thing cannot be and not be at the same time in the same manner