Economic Opportunities and Challenges in Global Cities

Economic opportunities in Rio de Janeiro

Jobs in oil, manufacturing, and tourism industries.

Healthcare improvement in Rio's favelas

Mobile health units visit favelas to treat diseases like TB.

Educational challenge in Rio

50% of children drop out of school after age 14.

Cause of water pollution in Rio

Raw sewage and industrial waste in Guanabara Bay.

Favela Bairro Project

An urban planning scheme to improve favelas with housing, roads, and services.

Key economic opportunities in Bristol

High-tech industries, Temple Quarter regeneration, and port activities.

Bristol's environmental improvement

Integrated transport system and goal to be carbon neutral by 2030.

Contrast between Filwood and Stoke Bishop

Filwood: high crime, low GCSEs; Stoke Bishop: high income, low crime, top grades.

Regeneration in the Temple Quarter

Old industrial site now hosts offices, Arena plans, Engine Shed, and better transport.

Importance of Nigeria globally

It's the most populous African country and a major oil exporter.

Change in Nigeria's economy

Shifting from agriculture to manufacturing and services.

Benefit of Shell in Nigeria

Provides 65,000 jobs and infrastructure investment.

Drawback of Shell in Nigeria

Oil spills damage the environment, especially the Niger Delta.

Nigeria's development challenges

Corruption, regional conflict, environmental degradation.

Change in the UK economy

Shifted from industry to services and quaternary sectors (e.g., research, IT).

Infrastructure improvement in the UK

HS2, Crossrail, or the Liverpool2 port expansion.

Cause of the North-South divide

Differences in income, job opportunities, and life expectancy.

UK addressing regional inequality

Enterprise zones, Northern Powerhouse, better transport links.

Tourism's contribution to Jamaica's GDP

24%.

How tourism helps Jamaica

Creates 200,000+ jobs, improves roads and airports.

Downsides of tourism in Jamaica

Environmental damage, seasonal jobs, unequal regional development.

UK's current energy mix trend

Decrease in coal, increase in renewables and gas.

Benefits of renewable energy

Lower emissions and sustainable long-term supply.

Disadvantages of renewable energy

Expensive infrastructure and unreliable supply (e.g., wind/solar).

Energy insecurity

When a country cannot meet its energy needs reliably.

Consequences of energy insecurity

Higher prices and increased risk of conflict.

Fracking and its controversy

Extracting gas from shale rock; can cause earthquakes and pollution.

Ways to increase energy supply

Develop renewables, build nuclear plants, or conserve energy.