Presentation

Gastrin secreted

by the chief cells of the stomach,

CCK (Cholecystokinin)

Secreted by mucosal epithelial cells in the duodenum

CCK secreated from small intestine

into the blood

CCK Binds

In the pancreas to stimulate the release of digestive enzymes into si, gallbladder - bile, ventricles of the brain - satiety

CCK inhibits;stimulate

acid in the stomach, bicarb

Secretin

secreted from si in response to acid to stimulate bicarb from pancreas with CCK

Ghrelin

Synthesized in epithelial cells in the stomach in response to fasting, peaks prior to feeding and lowers with gastric filling

Ghrelin stimulates

release of growth hormone from anterior pituitary

Ghrelin receptors

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland

Ghrelin blood conc

Rise right before eating, lowest after eating

Insulin

Pancreas, islets of Langerhans, beta cells

Insulin stimulates

Glucose uptake, utilization and storage

Insulin binds

to tyrosine kinase receptors in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Glucagon

islets of Langerhans, specifically alpha cells, to increase blood glucose levels, 

Glucagon induced

induced by low blood sugar/ hypoglycemia, elevated blood amino acids

Glucagon binds

to GPCR glucagon receptors in the liver to release stored glucose

Leptin

Released by adipocyte in response to increased adipocytes

Leptin receptors

Hypothalamus to increase satiety and decrease feeding

orexigenic

increase energy intake

Anorexigenic

Decrease energy intake

Gastrin induced

by presence of amino acids

Gastrin bind to

Receptors on parietal cells to stimulate the release of HCl

CCK induced by

amino acids and fatty acids in the small intestine and the low pH of chyme

Insulin induced by

elevated blood glucose, sometimes the sight and taste of food or increased blood concentration of amino acids and fatty acids