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Cell structure and functions
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Cells
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14 Terms
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cell membrane
flexible phospholipid bilayer that controls the exit and entry of substances and encloses the cell
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cytoplasm
all of the cell contents between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane
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cytosol
the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended
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endoplasmic reticulum (rough)
transports materials such as protein throughout this region, has ribosomes studded on it
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endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)
transport materials such as proteins throughout the region
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golgi apparatus
collect, modify, package and distribute materials such as proteins synthesised in the cell
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lysosome
break down (digest) worn-out organelles or foreign substances
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mitochondria
the site of cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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nucleus
contains most of the cell's DNA
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Nuclear membrane
has pores to allow communication between the nucleus and the rest of the cell
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ribosomes
produces protein in the cytosol and on the outside of the rough er
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Chloroplast
plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis
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cell wall
a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells
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vacuole
a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell, acts as the storage unit for nutrients and waste
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