Chapter 25: Digestive System

what is another name for the gastrointestinal tract

alimentary canal

what is the path of digesta

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

name the accessory digestive organs

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

what is the average length of the small intestine

16 ft

what are the 3 regions of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

how long is the duodenum

10 inches

how long is the jejunum

5 ft

how long is the ileum

8 ft

what is the purpose of the upper esophageal sphincters

prevents backflow (produce burping sound)

what is another name for the gastroesophageal sphincter

lower esophageal sphincter

what is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter

prevent reflux of stomach acid

what controls the flow of digesta from the stomach into the duodenum

pyloric sphincter

what does food have to be broken down to in order to digest/absorb

monomers

what are the six digestive processes

ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, compaction, and defecation

what is another word for chewing

mastication

where does most absorption of nutrients take place

small intestine

what are fats absorbed into

lymph

name the four main layers of the digestive tract

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

three parts of the mucosa

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

type of mucosa epithelium in mouth, esophagus and anal canal

stratified squamous

type of mucosa epithelium in stomach and intestines

simple columnar

what is the lamina propria of the mucosa made up of

areolar connective tissue with MALT, exocrine glands and capillaries

what makes up the muscularis mucosae in the mucosa

smooth muscle

what makes up the submucosa in the digestive tract

dense irregular connective tissue with exocrine glands, MALT, blood vessels and lymphatics

what are the two layers of the muscularis external layer of the digestive tract

longitudinal and circular

in the stomach, what are the layers of the muscularis externa

oblique, circular and longitudinal

what is the function of the serosa in the GI tract

allows movement

what is connective tissue in the pharynx, esophagus and rectum that blends in with surrounding tissues

adventitia

what nerve plexus is between layers of muscularis externa and controls peristalsis

myenteric plexus

what nerve plexus controls muscularis mucosae and mucosal secretion

submucosal plexus

what is another name for gums

gingivae

what are small folds of tissue in the mouth that limits movement

frenulum

what are the four types of intrinsic salivary glands

lingual, buccal, labia, and palatine

what are the 3 pairs of extrinsic salivary glands

sublingual, submandibular and parotid

what is the viral infection of parotid glands

mumps