Muscle Test

Skeletal muscle accounts for at least _____% of body mass

40%

Which type of muscle tissue can contract rapidly, but tires easily and must rest after short periods of activity?

skeletal

Cells of which type of muscle tissue are elongated and
therefore also referred to as muscle fibers?

skeletal/smooth

Which type of muscle tissue is/are found attached to the bones of the body?

skeletal only

Which of the following types of muscle tissue is/are striated?

cardiac and skeletal

Which of the following types of muscle tissue is/are voluntary?

skeletal only

The pumps that move Na + /K + , H + /K + , and Ca 2+ of
skeletal muscle across cell membranes are examples
of

Active transport

Which type of muscle tissue is/are found lining organs and hollow tubes/tracts of the body?

smooth only

Which of the following types of muscle tissue is/are
not striated?

smooth only

Which of the following types of muscle tissue is/are involuntary?

smooth, cardiac

All of the following statements about smooth muscle are true EXCEPT

They have striations

Which type of muscle tissue is/are found only in the heart?

cardiac only

Locomotion and manipulation of the body is the
result of the joint effort of the muscular system and
________ system.

skeletal

The characteristic striation of a sarcomere reflect the
organization of;

actin and myosin filaments

The two main parts of the striation pattern of skeletal
muscle fibers are

I bands and A bands

The striations of skeletal muscle form a repeating
pattern of units called ________.

sarcomeres

Myofibrils consist of two kinds of protein filaments-thick ones composed of _______ and thin ones composed of ________.

myosin, actin

Correctly order the following structures from outermost to innermost

4, 2, 3, 1

The cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber is also known as it's

sarcoplasm

The cell membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is also
known as it's

sarcolemma

Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers which are
separated into compartments by perimysium, are
called;

fascicles

Each muscle fiber within a fascicle lies within a
layer of connective tissue in the form of a thin
covering called ________.

endomysium

Which term includes the epimysium, endomysium, and perimysium

fascia

Which of the following is another layer of
connective tissue which extends inward and
separates the muscle tissue into small
compartments?

perimysium

Which of the following is the layer of connective
tissue that closely surrounds the skeletal muscle?

Epimysium

Which of the following has layers of dense
connective tissue that separate an individual skeletal
muscle from adjacent muscles?

Fascia

Which of the following is the best explanation as to
how muscles are attached bones?

fibers in a tendon intertwine with those in a
bone's periosteum

Which of the following structures attaches muscles
to bones?

tendon

Layers of dense connective tissue called ________
separate an individual skeletal muscle from adjacent
muscles.

fascia

Muscles generate heat as they __________, which
helps the body to _________.

contract, homeostasis

Muscular actions

provide muscle tone

The major function of the muscular system is;

movement

________ filaments are _________ toward the
center of the sarcomere by ________ cross-bridges.

actin, pulled, myosin

When a muscle appears to be at rest, but its fibers
are still undergoing some sustained contraction, this
is called

muscle tone

The contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a
muscle impulse is called a

twitch

As the intensity of stimulation increases, ________
of motor neurons continues until all motor units in
that muscle are activated.

recruitment

When a muscle fiber is exposed to stimuli of
increasing strength, it remains unresponsive until a
certain level of stimulation is reached called the

threshold stimulus

During muscle contraction, the length of the thick
and thin filaments

decreases

Correctly sequence the following steps of muscle contraction;

1. the sarcomeres shorten

2. an impulse is sent from the brain/spine

3. myosin and actin filaments overlap and slide past each other

4. the shortened muscle pulls on its attachment points resulting in movement

5. the whole muscle shortens (contracts)

2, 3, 1, 5, 4

After the use of ATP molecules, cells must
regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphate. The
molecule responsible for the regeneration of ATP is

creatine phosphate

Which of the following is true when skeletal muscles
are used strenuously for even a minute or two?

muscle fibers must increasingly use anaerobic
respiration to obtain energy

Which of the following is the neurotransmitter that
stimulates a skeletal muscle fiber to contract?

acetylcholine

Which of the following types of molecules directly
supply the energy for muscle fiber contraction?

ATP

Correctly sequence the steps of muscle contraction, at the level of a sarcomere, below:

1. New ATP binds to myosin, causing linkage to release

2. Muscle is in relaxed state

3. Cross-bridge binds actin to myosin

4. ATP splits, which provides power to "cock" the myosin cross-bridge

5. Exposed binding sites on actin allow the muscle contraction cycle to occur

6. Cross-bridge pulls actin filament (power stroke), ADP and phosphate are released from myosin

2, 5, 3, 6, 1, 4

Which of the following is considered the functional
unit of skeletal muscles because it is the key part of
the muscle that shortens?

sarcomere

The synapse between the motor neuron and the
muscle fiber that it controls is called a

neuromuscular junction

Neurons that control muscles are called

motor neurons

Which of the following types of contractions is
picking up a book bag an example of?

Isotonic

Which of the following types of contraction
maintains posture?

tonic

When a muscle does not shorten but tension
increases, the contraction is said to be

isometric

The muscle that can resist a prime mover and cause
movement in the opposite direction is called the

antagonist

The movable end of a muscle is attached at its

insertion

Muscles that assist a prime mover are called

synergists

During anaerobic respiration, glucose molecules
are broken down to release energy and in the
process produce the byproduct called

actic acid

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it sends
impulses to are known as a

motor unit

Which statement below describes the transverse
system that functions in muscle contraction and
relaxation?

The T system allows for communication with
the sarcoplasmic membrane to allow for a
depolarization

Which bands and/or zones in a sarcomere shorten
when a skeletal muscle contracts?

H band and I band

After a strenuous workout, muscle cells contain
increased quantities of all of the following
EXCEPT

Glucose

Which statement below describes the transverse
system that functions in muscle contraction and
relaxation?

The T system allows for communication with
the sarcoplasmic membrane to allow for a
depolarization.

Which bands and/or zones in a sarcomere shorten
when a skeletal muscle contracts?

H band and I band

In a sarcomere, cross bridges are found in

myosin

Which of the following sugars is produced under
anaerobic conditions?

Lactose

After a strenuous workout, muscle cells contain
increased quantities of all of the following EXCEPT

Glucose

Bones

form passageways for blood vessels and
nerves

Treatment for a strained muscle is referred to as,
"RICE" which stands for

rest, ice, compression, elevation

Which of the following includes neuromuscular
disorders in which the primary symptom is muscle
weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fibers?

myopathy

Which of the following is a rare, acquired muscle
disease that is accompanied by a skin rash?

dermatomyositis

Which of the following is difficult to pinpoint and
diagnose because it can mimic many other medical
problems?

fibromyalgia

There are nine forms of ________ disease which
together affect more than 50,000 Americans.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Which of the following diseases affects 30,000
Americans at any one time and ultimately causes
paralysis and death?

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Which of the above is a congenital disorder which
impacts posture, balance, and motor functions?

cerebral palsy

Which of the following is a progressive
neurodegenerative disease which leads to a loss of
control over voluntary muscle movement?

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Which of the following is a chronic autoimmune
disease which results in muscle weakness and
fatigue due to a breakdown of the neuromuscular
junction?

myasthenia gravis

Which of the following is a chronic disorder that is
characterized by widespread muscle pain, stiffness,
fatigue, and tenderness?

fibromyalgia

Which of the following is a genetic disease that
damages muscle fibers?

muscular dystrophy

If muscles are completely immobilized due to
enforced bed rest, muscles atrophy and strength can
decrease at the rate of ________% per day.

5%

Complete immobilization of muscles due to
enforced bed rest results in

atrophy

Which of the following is the cause of Hereditary
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

a genetic error in a form of actin found only in
cardiac muscle

Which of the following is the cause of
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease?

an extra gene that impairs the insulating
sheath around affected nerve cells

Which of the following is the cause of Duchenne
muscular dystrophy?

the absence of dystrophin

During rigor mortis, the actin and myosin filaments
of the muscle fibers remain linked until

the muscles begin to decompose

Which of the following is true regarding rigor
mortis?

it results from an increase in membrane
permeability to calcium ions and decreases in
ATP which prevents relaxation

Muscle fibers and their associated connective
tissues are flexible but can tear if overstretched.
This type of injury is called

muscle strain

In tendinitis

a tendon becomes painfully inflamed and
swollen

A ________ is a painful condition in which a
muscle undergoes a sustained involuntary
contraction.

cramp

Which of the following best describes duchenne
muscular dystrophy?

An inherited disorder which is x-linked and
therefore more likely to affect males, it
involves rapidly worsening muscle weakness.

Which of the following best describes amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis?

Causes nerve cells to waste away or die
rendering them incapable of sending messages
to muscles, causing the muscles to atrophy.

Which of the following best describes
fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva?

A rare and progressive disease which causes
muscles to gradually be converted into bony
tissue.

Which of the following best describes Hereditary
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A very rare inherited form of heart failure that
is caused by a tiny genetic error in the form of
actin found only in cardiac muscle.

Which of the following best describes
Fibromyalgia?

A common syndrome which causes the
sufferer to experience long-term, body-wide
pain and tenderness in the joints, muscles, and
other soft tissues.