Logical Fallacies

ACT

Hasty Generalization

> Over Generalization

> Assumption about a large population using a small, inadequate sample

Missing The Point

> Irrelevant conclusion

> Attempt to counter a point that they do not actually address

OR

> Premise of an argument supports a particular conclusion but not the one the arguer draws

Slippery Slope

> Claim of chain reaction ending in dire consequence without enough evidence for assumption

Weak Analogy

> The two things that are compared aren’t alike in relevant aspects 

> Analogy is weak

Straw Man

> the distortion or exaggeration of another person's argument or position, so it is easier to attack

> Arguer sets up weaker version of opponents position

Red Herring

> A distraction

> Raising a side issue from whats being discussed

Begging The Question

> when an argument's premise assumes the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it

Equivocation

> When a word or expression given in an argument is used in an ambiguous way 

> Calling two different things by the same name

False Dichotomy

> Conclusion that oversimplifies argument by reducing it to 2 sides or choices

> Even though more than 2 choices are possible

Post Hoc

> Full name: Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

> Assumptioin that if Y happened after X then X must have caused Y

OR

> Assumption that because one event preceded another event, they must be causally related

Ad Hominem

> Counter argument by attacking the opponent rather than addressing the argument

Appeal To Popular Belief

> conclusion based on the fact that most believe in it