Logical Fallacies

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12 Terms

1

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Hasty Generalization

> Over Generalization

> Assumption about a large population using a small, inadequate sample

<p>> Over Generalization</p><p>> <span>Assumption about a large population using a small, </span>inadequate<span> sample</span></p>

2

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Missing The Point

> Irrelevant conclusion

> Attempt to counter a point that they do not actually address

OR

> Premise of an argument supports a particular conclusion but not the one the arguer draws

<p>> Irrelevant conclusion</p><p>> <span>Attempt to counter a point that they do not actually address</span></p><p><span>OR</span></p><p><span>> Premise of an argument supports a particular conclusion but not the one the arguer draws</span></p>

3

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Slippery Slope

> Claim of chain reaction ending in dire consequence without enough evidence for assumption

<p>> <span>Claim of chain reaction ending in dire consequence without enough evidence for assumption</span></p>

4

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Weak Analogy

> The two things that are compared aren’t alike in relevant aspects

> Analogy is weak

<p>> The two things that are compared aren’t alike in relevant aspects </p><p>> Analogy is weak</p>

5

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Straw Man

> the distortion or exaggeration of another person's argument or position, so it is easier to attack

> Arguer sets up weaker version of opponents position

<p>> the distortion or exaggeration of another person's argument or position, so it is easier to attack</p><p><strong>></strong> Arguer sets up weaker version of opponents position</p>

6

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Red Herring

> A distraction

> Raising a side issue from whats being discussed

<p>> A distraction</p><p>> Raising a side issue from whats being discussed</p>

7

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Begging The Question

> when an argument's premise assumes the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it

<p>> when an argument's premise assumes the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it</p>

8

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Equivocation

> When a word or expression given in an argument is used in an ambiguous way

> Calling two different things by the same name

<p>> When a word or expression given in an argument is used in an ambiguous way </p><p>> Calling two different things by the same name</p>

9

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False Dichotomy

> Conclusion that oversimplifies argument by reducing it to 2 sides or choices

> Even though more than 2 choices are possible

<p>> Conclusion that oversimplifies argument by reducing it to 2 sides or choices</p><p>> Even though more than 2 choices are possible</p>

10

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Post Hoc

> Full name: Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

> Assumptioin that if Y happened after X then X must have caused Y

OR

> Assumption that because one event preceded another event, they must be causally related

<p>> Full name: Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc</p><p>> Assumptioin that if Y happened after X then X must have caused Y</p><p>OR</p><p>> <span>Assumption that because one event preceded another event, they must be causally related</span></p>

11

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Ad Hominem

> Counter argument by attacking the opponent rather than addressing the argument

<p>> Counter argument by attacking the opponent rather than addressing the argument</p>

12

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Appeal To Popular Belief

> conclusion based on the fact that most believe in it

<p>> conclusion based on the fact that most believe in it</p>