Unit 2 Canadian Studies 30 - Important People

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Samuel de Champlain

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Samuel de Champlain

  • Father of New France

  • built trading post in Quebec ("where the river narrows")

  • established trade with local First Nations

  • mortal enemies of the Iroquois

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Marquis de Montcalm

  • French General in charge of defending Quebec

  • died one day of the Battle of Quebec (Sept. 1759)

  • sent 5,000 men to the Plains of Abraham from Beaufort

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James Wolfe

  • British Commander

  • poisonous relationship with subordinate officers

  • 1759, ordered to conquer all of Nouvelle-France

  • found a narrow goat path

  • positioned his men the Plains of Abraham

  • died on the battlefield

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Guy Carleton

  • concerned about discontent in Thirteen Colonies would spill to Quebec

  • annoyed by the bickering and complaining of British merchants

  • created two separate colonies: Upper (Ontario) and Lower (Quebec) Canada

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Loyalists

  • remained loyal to Britain when Declaration of Independence was declared

  • questioned how a small group of rebels could defeat Great Britain

  • 1782-1784, 100,000 migrated to BNA

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James Murray

  • first governor in BNA (1760-1763)

  • lenient approach towards French population

  • recalled to Britain (fired)

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Lord Durham

  • sent to find solutions to the problem that caused rebellions

  • called for a government that listened to the majority's wishes

  • identified the problems as a division between French and English

  • believed superiority of British Culture and Institutions

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Sir Isaac Brock

  • head of the Canadian Army

  • led Upper Canada to great victory of Fort Detroit

  • assisted by Tecumseh in return for land claims

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Tecumseh

  • helped Brock against American Invasion

  • leader of Shawnee

  • gained the acknowledgement of land claims

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George-Etienne Cartier

  • represented Canada East

  • received invitation to the conference in Charlottetown

  • agreed a wider union would benefit all areas

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Sir John A. Macdonald

  • representative of Canada West

  • first prime minister of Canada (1867-1873)

  • invited to the conference of Maritime union between Nova Scotia, PEI, New Brunswick, Newfoundland

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Joseph Papineau

  • leader of the reform movement in Lower Canada

  • French Canadians saw the reform as a fight against assimilation

  • sought political asylum in United States

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William Lyon Mackenzie

  • leader of the reform movement in Upper Canada

  • sought political asylum in United States

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