Unit 2 Canadian Studies 30 - Important People

Samuel de Champlain

- Father of New France
- built trading post in Quebec ("where the river narrows")
- established trade with local First Nations
- mortal enemies of the Iroquois

Marquis de Montcalm

- French General in charge of defending Quebec
- died one day of the Battle of Quebec (Sept. 1759)
- sent 5,000 men to the Plains of Abraham from Beaufort

James Wolfe

- British Commander
- poisonous relationship with subordinate officers
- 1759, ordered to conquer all of Nouvelle-France
- found a narrow goat path
- positioned his men the Plains of Abraham
- died on the battlefield

Guy Carleton

- concerned about discontent in Thirteen Colonies would spill to Quebec
- annoyed by the bickering and complaining of British merchants
- created two separate colonies: Upper (Ontario) and Lower (Quebec) Canada

Loyalists

- remained loyal to Britain when Declaration of Independence was declared
- questioned how a small group of rebels could defeat Great Britain
- 1782-1784, 100,000 migrated to BNA

James Murray

- first governor in BNA (1760-1763)
- lenient approach towards French population
- recalled to Britain (fired)

Lord Durham

- sent to find solutions to the problem that caused rebellions
- called for a government that listened to the majority's wishes
- identified the problems as a division between French and English
- believed superiority of British Culture and Institutions

Sir Isaac Brock

- head of the Canadian Army
- led Upper Canada to great victory of Fort Detroit
- assisted by Tecumseh in return for land claims

Tecumseh

- helped Brock against American Invasion
- leader of Shawnee
- gained the acknowledgement of land claims

George-Etienne Cartier

- represented Canada East
- received invitation to the conference in Charlottetown
- agreed a wider union would benefit all areas

Sir John A. Macdonald

- representative of Canada West
- first prime minister of Canada (1867-1873)
- invited to the conference of Maritime union between Nova Scotia, PEI, New Brunswick, Newfoundland

Joseph Papineau

- leader of the reform movement in Lower Canada
- French Canadians saw the reform as a fight against assimilation
- sought political asylum in United States

William Lyon Mackenzie

- leader of the reform movement in Upper Canada
- sought political asylum in United States