Public Speaking

Exam #2

When is the audience analysis an important factor

when you need to communicate effectively. it helps you understand who your audience is, what they know, what they need, and how they might react

what is stereotyping

making a general assumption about a group of people based on limited information

what is egocentric

focusing too much on yourself and not considering others' perspectives, needs, or feelings

primary purpose of speechmaking

to communicate a message to an audience in a clear and meaningful way. This can be to inform, persuade, or entertain

What are the ways you can search for books when using a library’s catalogue? 

title, author, subject, keyword, call number, ISBN

what is a guideline for preparing a preliminary bibliography

record full citation details, use consistent format, organize sources early, check credibility, take notes

what is the key to finding information in the library

library catalog, ask a librarian, use databases, check the call number, use reference materials, explore different formats

what should be included in your preparation outline

title, general purpose, specific purpose, thesis statement, introduction, body, transitions, conclusion, bibliography

how are main points set up in your preparation outline

consistent format- using roman numerals for main points, capital letters for sub points, and numbers for supporting details

how to follow a logical order

chronological order (time sequence) topical order (categories or themes) spatial order (physical arrangement) cause- and- effect order (showing relationships) problem-solving order (explaining an issue and how to fix it)

how to keep main points balanced

each main point should be roughly equal in importance and length

how to use parallel wording

keep a consistent style for clarity

how to identify different points in your preparation outline

main points, subpoints, sub- subpoints, transitions

main points (major ideas)

labeled with Roman numerals; big ideas of speech

subpoints (supporting details)

labeled with capital letters provide supporting details, explanations, or examples

sub- subpoints

labeled numbers; provide specific facts or examples

transitions

connect ideas

when should the preparation outline be prepared

after you have conduced research and before you practice or deliver the speech

how you should word a speech title according to your book

be clear and concise

use strong keywords

be engaging

reflect the purpose

keep it appropriate

be clear and concise

the title should clearly convey the main topic of your speech in as few words as possible

use strong keywords

choose words that are impactful and relevant to the content

be engaging

consider using a question, a play on words, or a provocative statement to capture attention

reflect the purpose

make sure the title reflects whether your speech is informative, persuasive, or entertaining

keep it appropriate

ensure the title is suitable for your audience and the occasion

what is visual framework

a structured way to represent the organization of your speech visually

the speaker acts as a _____ in an informative speech

guide

should an informative speech topic require research

credibility, depth of information, supporting evidence, engagement

credibility

well-researched topics enhance your creditability as a speaker, showing that you are knowledgeable

depth of information

research allows you to provide in depth-information, making your speech more informative and valuable to the auidence

supporting evidence

Including data, statistics, quotes, and examples from your research strengthens your points and makes your speech more persuasive

engagement

A well-researched topic can offer interesting facts and insights that capture the audience's attention and keep them engaged

different types of orders for informative speech purpose statements

chronological order, spatial, topical, cause-and-effect, problem-solution

chronological

according to a time sequence, in steps they occurred

spatial

arranges information based on physical location or direction, describing how things relate to one another in space

topical order

divides the topic into subtopics or categories, representing a main point

cause-and-effect order

based on physical location or direction, describing how things relate to one another in space

problem-solution

identifies a problem and then presents solutions or ways to address that problem

know the categories informative speeches are placed in and what their purpose statements should look like under each category

speeches about objects, speeches about processes, speeches about events, speeches about concepts, speeches about issues

speeches about objects

focuses on tangible items or physical entities

speeches about processes

explains how something works or how to do something

speeches about events

describes an event or significant occurrence

speeches about concepts

explores ideas, theories, or principles

speeches about issues

discusses a current problem or topic of debate

after you pick a topic for your informative speech, you should consider your auidence’s ______ toward the topic

attitudes, beliefs, and values

sux guidelines to informative speaking

accuracy, clarity, engagement, relevance, organization, brevity

accuracy

ensure information is correct

clarity

use clear language and avoid jargon

engagement

keep the audience interested

relevance

make sure information is relevant to the audience

organization

structure the speech logically

brevity

keep the speech concise and to the point

six demographic factors for audience analysis

age, gender, cultural background, education level, occupation, group membership

age

understanding the age range of the audience

gender

consider the gender distribution

cultural background

recognizing cultural diversity

education level

knowing the audience’s educational background

occupation

understanding the professions of the audience

group membership

identifying relevant affiliations or organizations

siz steps for a smooth interview

prepare thoroughly, set a clear agenda, practice active listening, create a comfortable environment, stay flexible, follow up

prepare thoroughly

research the person and the topic beforehand

set a clear agenda

outline the topics you want to cover during the interview

practice active listening

pay attention and respond appropriately to the interviewee

create a comfortable environment

ensure the setting is relaxed and conducive to conversation

stay flexible

be open to changing the direction of the conversation as needed

follow up

ask clarifying questions and summarize key points during and after the interview