apush period 3 vocab

7 Years' War

War between Britain and France over land and power in North America (1754–1763).

Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin's plan for the colonies to unite for defense.

Treaty of Paris 1763

Treaty that ended the 7 Years' War and gave Britain much of France's territory in North America.

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native American resistance against British expansion after the French and Indian War.

Proclamation of 1763

British law that prevented colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Sugar Act

1764 tax on sugar and other imported goods.

Stamp Act

1765 tax requiring stamps on newspapers, legal documents, and other printed materials.

Sons & Daughters of Liberty

Groups of colonists who protested British taxes and policies.

Boston Massacre

1770 event where British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation.

Boston Tea Party

1773 protest where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor.

Coercive Acts

Laws passed by Britain to punish Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party.

John Locke

Enlightenment thinker who argued that people have natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

Common Sense

Thomas Paine's 1776 pamphlet arguing that the colonies should become independent from Britain.

First Continental Congress

Meeting of colonial representatives in 1774 to respond to British policies.

Lexington & Concord

First battles of the American Revolution in 1775.

Second Continental Congress

Colonial meeting that managed the war effort and eventually declared independence.

Olive Branch Petition

Final attempt by the colonies to make peace with King George III.

Declaration of Independence

1776 document announcing that the colonies were independent from Britain.

Patriots

Colonists who supported independence from Britain.

Tories

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain.

Battle of Saratoga

Major American victory over Britain in 1777.

Battle of Yorktown

1781 battle where American and French forces defeated British troops.

Treaty of Paris 1783

Treaty that officially ended the American Revolution.

Republican Motherhood

Idea that women should raise educated and virtuous children who would become good citizens.

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams who supported women's education and rights.

Articles of Confederation

America's first government system, which gave most power to the states.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Law that divided western land into townships for sale and settlement.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Law that created a process for territories to become states.

Shay's Rebellion

1786–1787 uprising of Massachusetts farmers protesting taxes and debt.

Constitutional Convention

1787 meeting where delegates originally planned to fix the Articles but instead created the Constitution.

Federalism

System in which power is divided between the national and state governments.

Separation of Powers

Division of government power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Virginia Plan

Plan for a strong national government with representation based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Plan that called for equal representation for each state.

Connecticut Plan

Also called the Great Compromise; created a two-house Congress with different types of representation.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Compromise that counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation.

Federalists

People who supported the Constitution and a stronger national government.

Anti-Federalists

People who opposed the Constitution because they feared a powerful national government.

Federalist Papers

Essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay supporting the Constitution.

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments to the Constitution protecting individual freedoms.

National Bank

Bank proposed by Alexander Hamilton to strengthen the nation's economy and finances.

Proclamation of Neutrality

George Washington's 1793 announcement that the U.S. would stay neutral in the war between Britain and France.

Jay Treaty

Agreement with Britain that settled some issues left over from the American Revolution.

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 uprising by farmers protesting a federal tax on whiskey.

Federalist Party

Political party led by Alexander Hamilton that supported a strong national government.

Democratic-Republican Party

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that favored states' rights.

Washington's Farewell Address

George Washington's 1796 message warning against political parties and permanent foreign alliances.

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic conflict in which French representatives demanded money before negotiating with the U.S.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws that restricted immigration and punished some criticism of the federal government.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Resolutions arguing that states could challenge federal laws they believed were unconstitutional.