Origin and Insertion

Frontalis

origin - galea aponeurotica

insertion - skin of eyebrows and root of nose

Occipitalis

origin - occipital and temporal (mastoid) bones

insertion - galea aponeurotica

Orbicularis oculi

origin - frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit

insertion - tissue of eyelid

Zygomaticus

origin - zygomatic bone

insertion - skin and muscle at corner of mouth

Risorius

origin - lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle

insertion - skin at angle of mouth

Orbicularis oris

origin - arises indirectly from maxilla an dmandible

insertion - encircles mouth, inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth

Mentalis

origin - mandible below incisors

insertion - skin of chin

Buccinator

origin - molar region of maxilla and mandible

insertion - orbicularis oris

Platysma

origin - fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoid)

insertion - lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of the mouth

Masseter

origin - zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

insertoin - angle and ramus of mandible

Temporalis

origin - temporal fossa

insertion - coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch

Digastric

origin - lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of temporal bone (posterior belly)

insertion - by connective tissue loop to hyoid bone

Stylohyoid

origin - styloid process of temporal bone

insertion - hyoid bone

Sternohyoid

origin - manubrium and medial end of clavicle

insertion - lower margin of hyoid bone

Sternothyroid

origin - posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

insertion - thyroid cartilage

Omohyoid

origin - clavicular spine of scapula

insertion - hyoid bone

Sternocleidomastoid

origin - manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle

insertion - mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Scalene

origin - transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

insertion - anterolaterally on first two ribs

Splenius

origin - ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T6

insertion - mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone (capitis), transverse processes of Cs-C4 vertebrae (cervicis)

Illiocostals

origin - iliac crest (lumborum), inferior 6 ribs (thoracic), ribs 3-6 (cervicis)

insertion - angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracic), transverse processes of C6-C4 (cervicis)

Longissimus

origin - transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

insertion - transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name, capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone

Spinalis

origin - spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

insertion - spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae

External intercostals

origin - inferior border of rib above

insertion - superior border of rib below

Internal intercostals

origin - superior border of rib below

insertion - inferior border (costal groove) of rib above

Diaphragm

origin - inferior internal surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs, and lumbar vertebrae

insertion - central tendon

Retus abdominus

origin - pubic crest and symphysis

insertion - xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

External oblique

origin - by fleshy strips from outer surfaces of lower eight ribs

insertion - most fibers insert into lines alba via broad aponeurosis

Internal oblique

origin - lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament

insertion - liner alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs of costal margin

Transverse abdominus

origin - inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of lsat six ribs, iliac crest

insertion - linea alba, pubic crest

Gluteus maximus

Origin: Iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, and lateral surface of ilium; sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Iliotibial tracts and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Gluteus medius

Origin: Anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Gluteus minimus

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Tensor fascia latae

Origin: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Iliotibial tract

Piriformis

Origin: Anterolateral surface of sacrum

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Gemellus (superior and inferior)

Origin: ischial spine (superior), ischial tuberosity (inferior)

Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter via tendon of obturator internus

Quadratus femoris

Origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur

Obturators (externus and internus)

Origin: lateral and medial margins of obturator foramen

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur (externs) and medial surface of greater trochanter (internus)

Adductor longus

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis, anterior and adductor brevis 

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Adductor magnus

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis posterior to adductor brevis and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

Pectineus

Origin: Superior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Pectineal line inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

Gracilis

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle

Iliacus

Origin: Iliac fossa

Insertion: Femur distal to lesser trochanter; tendon fused with that of psoas major

Psoas major

Origin: Anterior surfaces and transverse processes of T12-L5

Insertion: Lesser trochanter in company with iliacus

Sartorius

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia and near tibial tuberosity

Rectus femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur and linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Vastus lateralis 

Origin: Anterior and inferior greater trochanter of femur and along linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligement

Vastus medialis

Origin: Entire length of linea aspera of femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Popliteus

Origin: lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft

Biceps femoris

Origin: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera aspects of femur

Insertion: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Semimembranosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

Semitendinosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: proximal, medial surface of tibia near insertion of gracilis

Tibialis anterior

Origin: lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia

Insertion: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform 

Fibularis longus

Origin: Head and proximal shaft of fibula

Insertion: Base of first metatarsal bone na medial cuneiform

Plantaris

Origin: Lateral subcondylar ridge

Insertion: Posterior portion of calcaneus 

Soleus

Origin: Head and proximal shaft of fibula, and adjacent posteromedial shaft of tibia

Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius)

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Femoral condyles

Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Tibialis posterior

Origin: interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula

Insertion: navicular, all three cuneiforms, cuboid, second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones

Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: Posteromedial surface of tibia

Insertion: Inferior surface of distal phalanges, toes 2-5

Flexor hallucis longus

Origin: Posterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Inferior surface, distal phalanx of great toe

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: Superior surfaces of phalanges, toes 2-5

Extensor hallucis longus

Origin: Anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: Superior surface, distal phalanx of great toe

Pectoralis minor

Origin: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Serratus anterior

Origin: Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 or 1-9

Insertion: Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

Subclavius

Origin: First rib

Insertion: Clavicle (inferior border)

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone, ligaments niche, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)

Levator scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of first four cervicle vertebrae

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula near superior angle

Rhomboid major

Origin: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

Rhomboid minor

Origin: Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula

Pectoralis major

Origin: Cartilages of ribs 2-6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Spinous processes of interior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Deltoid

Origin: Clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Teres major

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus 

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus 

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Teres minor

Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process

Insertion: Medial margin of shaft of humerus

Triceps brachii

Origin: superior and lateral margin of humerus (lateral head), infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), and posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove (medial head)

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Brachialis

Origin: Anterior, distal surface of humerus

Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity

Brachioradialus

Origin: Ridge superior to lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Lateral aspect of styloid process of radius

Anconeus

Origin: Posterior surface of lateral humerus

Insertion: Lateral margin of olecranon and ulnar shaft

Biceps brachii

Origin: Coracoid process (short head), supraglenoid tubercle (long head)

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Middle an lateral surface of radius

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Bases of second and third metacarpal bones

Palmaris longus

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Palmar aponeruosis and flexor retinaculum 

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial portion of ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, adjacent anterior surfaces of ulna and radius

Insertion: Bases if middle phalanges of digits II-V

Flexor pollicis longus

Origin: Anterior shaft of radius, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor digitorum profundus

Origin: Medial and posterior surfaces of ulna, medial surfaces of coronoid process and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of digits II-V

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin: Lateral subcondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Base of second metacarpal bone

Extensor digitorum

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Posterior surfaces of the phalanges, digits II-V

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, adjacent dorsal surface of ulna

Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal bone

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin: Proximal dorsal surfaces of ulna and radius

Insertion: Lateral margin of first metacarpal bone

Extensor indicis

Origin: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal phalanx of index finger (II), with tendon of extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Origin: Via extensor tendon to lateral epicondyle of humerus and from intermuscular septa 

Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal phalanx of little finger