Module2_Lesson2: The Sexual Self

Male Reproductive System

• produces and delivers sperm and secretes male hormones

• has external and internal parts

External Part of the Male Reproductive Organ

1. penis

2. semen

3. scrotum

4. testicles (testes)

Penis

• male organ used in sexual intercourse

3 parts of penis

• root (attaches to the wall of the abdomen)

• body (shaft; cylindrical shape with three circular-shaped chambers)

• glans (cone-shaped part at the end; head)

foreskin

loose layer of skin that covers the glans

circumcision

surgical removal of the foreskin

semen

contains sperm (reproductive cells), expelled (ejaculated) through the end of the penis when the man richest sexual climax (orgasm)

scrotum

• loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind and below the penis

• contains the testicles (testes)

• access a climate control system for testes

testicles (testes)

• oval organs about the size of large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by the structure called the spermatic cord

• responsible for making testosterone

seminiferous tubules

• coiled masses of cubes within the testes

• responsible for producing sperm cells

Internal Part of the Male Reproductive Organ

1. epididymis

2. vas deferens

3. ejaculatory ducts

4. urethra

5. seminal vesicles

6. prostate gland

7. bulbourethral gland

epididymis

• long coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle

• transports and stores sperm cells

• bring the sperm to maturity

vas deferens

• long muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity

• transports mature sperm to the urethra

ejaculatory ducts

• formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles

• empty into the urethra

urethra

• cube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body

• (male) ejaculation semen when the man reaches orgasm

seminal vesicles

• sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder

• produces a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy

prostate gland

• walnut-sized structure that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum

• contributes additional fluid (prostate fluid) to the ejaculation

bulbourethral gland

• Cowper's glands

• pea-sized structures located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate glands

• produce a clear slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra (fluid lubricates the urethra and neutralizes the acidity)

Female Reproductive System

• produces and transports egg cells and secrete female hormones

• has external and internal parts

External Part of the Female Reproductive Organ

• enable sperm to enter the body and protect the internal genital organs from infectious organisms

1. labia majora

2. labia minora

3. bartholin's glands

4. clitoris

labia majora

• large lips

• enclose and protect the other external reproductive organ

• contains sweat and oil secreting glands

labia minora

• small lips

• lie inside tilapia mahora and surround the openings of the vagina and urethra

vagina

canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body

urethra

tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

bartholin's glands

located beside the vaginal openings and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion

clitoris

• where two labia minora meet

• small sensitive protrusion that is comparable to the penis in males

• covered by a fold of skin called prepuce

• sensitive to stimulation and can become erect

Internal Part of the Female Reproductive Organ

1. Vagina

2. Uterus (womb)

3. Ovaries

4. Fallopian Tubes

vagina

• birth canal

• canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body

uterus (womb)

• hollow pear-shaped organ that is the home to the developing fetus

• parts: cervix (lower part that opens into the vagina) corpus (main body)

ovaries

• small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus

• produce eggs and hormones

fallopian tubes

• narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells)

• fertilization of an egg by a sperm

Erogenous Zone

a sensitive area on the body that causes sexual arousal when it is touched

Three Stages in Love

1. Lust

2. Attraction

3. Attachment

lust

• driven by initial physical attraction and flirting

• two chemicals that surface during this stage or the sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) and pheromones

Pheromones

individual scent "prints" (Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia and France, 1986)

attraction

romantic or passionate love characterized by euphoria and terrible mood swings

monoamines

brain chemicals that causes physical symptoms when you fall in love

1. dopamine

2. phenylethylamine

3. serotonin

4. norepinephrine

dopamine

associated with the pleasure system of the brain

phenylethylamine

natural amphetamine like the drugs that can cause the same stimulation effect and contributes to the on-top-of-the-world feeling

serotonin

control impulses, unruly passions, obsessive behavior, aiding the sense of "being in control"

norepinephrine

neurotransmitter which includes euphoria in your brain, exciting the body through natural adrenaline causing the heart to beat faster and blood pressure to rise

attachment

• staying together

• sense of calm and stability

• driven by hormones:

1. oxytocin

2. vasopressin

3. endorphins

oxytocin

the cuddle chemical

vasopressin

the monogamy chemical

endorphins

biochemical compounds that enhance our immune system, block lesions of blood vessels, anti-aging, anti-stress, pain-relieving effects, and helps improve memory

sexual orientation

pattern of a person sexual attraction based on gender

affectional orientation

pattern of a person's romantic attraction

three basic types of sexual orientation

1. monosexual

2. polysexual

3. asexual

monosexual (same-sex)

• people exclusively attracted to members of only one gender

gay

a man who is attracted to men

lesbian

a woman who is attracted to women

straight

• a man who is exclusively attracted to women or a woman who is exclusively attracted to men

• heterosexual

polysexual orientation

people attracted to members of multiple genders

bisexual (bi)

attracted to people of one's own gender and people of other gender(s)

pansexual (omnisexual)

attracted to people regardless of gender

queer

person attracted to people of many genders similar to pansexual

asexual orientation

people who do not experience sexual attraction

asexual

not sexually attracted to anyone; sometimes do experience sexual attraction

gender

complex and multifaceted self identity and expression

biological sex

• anatomy, chromosomes, and hormones usually assigned that birth

• male, female, or intersex

gender identity

individual's internal sense of being (man, woman, neither, both, and so on)

gender expression

ways in which a person manifest masculinity, femininity, both or neither through appearance, behavior, dress, speech patterns, preferences

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

• infections that passed from one person to another through sexual contact

• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) or Venereal Diseases (VD)

Chlamydia

most common STD caused by chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis)

Chancroid

• soft chancre or ulcus molle

• caused by streptobacillus Haemophilus ducreyi

Crabs or pubic lice

• feed on human blood

Genital herpes

STD caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2)

Hepatitis B

• caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV)

• transmitted through contact with infected semen blood and other bodily fluid

trichomoniasis

caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite, trichomonas vaginalis

HIV and AIDS

• attacks the immune system, living its host much more vulnerable to infection and diseases

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

group of viruses that affect the skin and mucous membranes such as the throat, cervix, anus, and mouth

Scabies

• contagious skin condition caused by sarcoptes scabiei, a tiny mite

• burrow into the skin and lay their eggs

Syphilis

• result of Treponema pallidum, a bacterium

• person passing on the infection will have a syphilitic lesion

Natural Methods of Contraception

1. Abstinence

2. Withdrawal or Coitus Interruptus

3. Calendar Method

Abstinence

refraining from penetrative sex

Withdrawal or Coitus Interruptus

• male-controlled

• preventing contact between the sperm in the egg through the man's ability to withdraw prior to ejaculation

Calendar Method

a woman makes an estimate of the day she is fertile based on the past menstrual cycle length

Artificial Methods

1. Barrier Method

2. Hormonal Method

3. Surgical Sterilization

Barrier Method

you sort of barriers (male condoms, female condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and contraceptive sponges) to prevent sperm from reaching an egg

Hormonal Method

hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, birth control patch, vaginal ring, depo-provera injection, Lunelle injection, and intra-uterine device)

Surgical Sterilization

men: vasectomy women: tubal ligations and hysterectomies