honors us history: 1.1 native american societies on the eve of british colonization

what is meant specifically by maize cultivation?

na started to cultivate 6000 years ago, high yield crop, agricultural surplus led to population growth and a foundation for wealthy urban societies, mississippi valley and se woodlands were cultures defined by crop

food cultivation in the great basin

high desert climate led to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle with some dry cultivation of maize

food cultivation in the great plains

some agricultures along rivers, dominated by hunter-gatherers, transformed when europeans brought horses and livestock, comanches, sioux, and crow on horseback dominated those on foot, bison hunting (more successful on horseback)

food cultivation in the mississippi valley and se woodlands

agriculture (maize)

hunter-gatherers

find + hunt food, very mobile and may move with wild animal migrations

permanent villages

migrated across north american continent, adapted and changed societies to fit the environment they lived on, formed agricultural-based economies, favored permanent villages that consisted of stable architecture/housing to tend to crops

differences between native american tribes

over 200 languages, US used navajo language during WWII, lived in wigwams, hogans, igloos, tepees, and longhouses, some relied on hunting + fishing or domesticated crops, algonkian chiefs -> achieve consensus, natchez "sun" -> absolute monarch, totem pole -> used by tribes like chinook in pacific nw to ward off evil spirits and represent family histroy

what type of structures were the anasazi tribes known for creating? what were the purpose of these dwellings?

kivas, used for religious celebrations, built under overhanging cliffs to protect them from the elements, used blocks of sandstone and mud mortar, some of the world's longest standing structures

where did settlers originally encounter the algonkian tribes? what similarity do these tribes share?

jamestown (dowhatan indians), linked linguistically (algonquin language)

who was metacomet? why did he spare the quakers in pennsylvania?

leader of wampanoags, pennsylvania refused to raise a militia against the indians for as long as the quakers dominated to government, they were pacificts

what ended up happening with pocahontas? who did she end up marrying?

she was married to a puritan, forced to have a son, kidnapped, died (maybe poisoned or murdered)

how was the iroquois government similar to our own government?

bicameral legislature, sachems met in one house and oneida + cayuga met in the other, constitution

who were the sachems?

boss/leader/representative

who were the onondaga?

could veto, "keepers of the central fire", kept wampum (system of record-keeping)

where is martha's vineyard located?

massachusetts (duke's county)

what ended up breaking the peace between the settlers and the wampanoags?

wampanoags lost hunting grounds, fishing stations, and places for gathering wild plants to english expansion (mayhew and sachen keteanummin guaranteed land)

what were some of the sports that native american tribes played against each other?

chunky ball game, lax