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Heme Iron
Iron that is derived from hemoglobin and myoglobin, with 25%-35% absorption rate.
Nonheme Iron
Iron found in plant foods and iron-fortified foods, with a 2%-20% absorption rate.
DMT1
Divalent Metal Transporter 1, a protein that facilitates the absorption of iron in the small intestine.
Hepcidin
A liver-produced hormone that regulates iron absorption and is increased when iron stores are sufficient.
Ferritin
A glycoprotein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled manner.
Transferrin
A plasma transport protein that binds and transports iron throughout the body.
Hypoxia
A condition of reduced oxygen availability in tissues that can increase the expression of iron transport mechanisms.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
A condition caused by a lack of iron, leading to insufficient hemoglobin production.
Chelation
A process by which certain substances bind to iron, affecting its absorption and availability.
Phytates
Plant-derived compounds that can inhibit iron absorption by forming complexes with iron.
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that can chelate iron and may affect its absorption.
Heme Carrier Protein (Hcp1)
A protein that specifically transports heme iron across intestinal cell membranes.
Ascorbic Acid
Also known as Vitamin C, enhances the absorption of iron by reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron.
Oxalic Acid
A compound found in some plants that binds to iron and reduces its absorption.
Microcytic Anemia
A type of anemia characterized by smaller-than-normal red blood cells, often due to iron deficiency.
Mucins
Glycoproteins in the gut that can aid in solubilizing and binding iron.
Hemochromatosis
A genetic condition leading to excessive iron accumulation in the body.
Hemosiderin
An intracellular protein complex that stores excess iron, typically formed when iron is abundant.
Lead Poisoning
A condition where lead interferes with enzymes required for heme synthesis, often exacerbated by iron deficiency.
Iron Turnover
The continual recycling of iron in the body, especially from the breakdown of red blood cells.
Redox Active
Refers to the ability of iron to transition between different oxidation states, which is crucial for its biological functions.
Erythropoiesis
The process of producing red blood cells, which relies on adequate iron availability.
