Valance Bond Theory

Valence bond theory

valence e- participate in bonding

bonding

orbital overlap

overlap of s-orbitals make a ___ bond

sigma

sigma bonds are like

constructive interference

Carbon has 2 unpaired e-, but can make 4 bonds because of

hybridization

number of orbitals in =

number of orbitals out

number of e- in =

number of e- out

in CH₄ the carbon is ___ hybridized

sp³

having one e- in every orbital causes ___ energy, minimizes ____, and maximizes ___

lower, e—e repulsion, orbital overlap

sigma bond involves overlap of sp³ with

s, sp³, sp², or sp

sigma bond between two carbons in ethane

Csp³—Csp³

sigma bond between carbon and hydrogen in ethane

Csp³—Hs

the number in hybridized orbitals (the 3 in sp³) is based on

the number of p orbitals hybridized

sp³ hybrid has ___ hybridized p orbitals

3

sp² has __ hybridized p orbitals

2

sp has __ hybridized p orbitals

1

pi bonding

overlap of 2 adjacent p-orbitals

pi bonds involve

both sp and p orbitals

for pi bonds, the bonding p orbitals must be

adjacent and face the same direction

can these two p orbitals bond?

Py - - Py

yes

can these two p-orbitals bond?

Px - - Pz

no

a double bond involves

one sigma bond and one pi bond

a triple bond involves

bonding of two p orbitals

triple bond is made of

2 pi bonds and 1 sigma bond

carbon hybridization for four single bonds

sp³

carbon hybridization for 2 single bonds and 1 double bond

sp²

carbon hybridization for 1 single bond and 1 triple bond

sp

number of p orbitals hybridized depends on

number of e- regions (bonds)