Unit 1 Practical Exam - Part 2

Anatomy of the microscope, cell cycle and mitosis stages, and cell anatomy

1 - 10x magnification; adjustable; one contains pointer

Eyepeice

2 - circular strucuture that supports the four objective lenses

Nosepeice

3 - the primary lenses located on the rotating nosepeicethat provide different msnification levels snd form the initial enlarged specimine 4x, 10x, 40× 100x

Objective Lens

4 - Holds slides in place

Stageclip

5 - pltaform that holds the stage

Stage

6 - focuses and concentrates light on specimen

condenser

7 - light source

Illuminator

9 - frame extending upward from the base

Arm

10 - Large movements; scanning & low power only (4x, 10x)

Course adjustment nob

11 - Small movements; high power & oil immersion

Fine adjustment nob

12 - Solid foundation that rests on the table

Base

Not labeled - opening in the stage for light passage

Aperture

Not labeled - moves slide on the stage

Stage controller

Not labeled - controls light intensity

Brigtness adjustment

During _____ a cell doesn't look like it is actively dividing, but critical changes are happening under the microscope

Interphase

The loose, DNA "spaghetti" bunches up into tight, visible, X-shaped chromosomes.

Prophase

During _____, the cell's chromosomes align perfectly along the center of the cell.

Metaphase

During ________, the main visual event is the separation and movement of chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.

Anaphase

The cell looks like it is undoing the steps of prophase to return to a normal state

Telaphase

Cell fully separates into 2

Cytokinesis

It reveals a distinct "railroad track" or trilaminar (three-layered) appearance. OUTER layer

Plasma Membrane

A small, hollow barrel or cylinder

Centrioles

Appears as a dense, membrane-bound spherical structure filled with dark patches of inactive heterochromatin and lighter regions of active euchromatin

Nucleous

Appears as a double-membrane boundary that surrounds the cell nucleus

Nuclear envelope

Look like donut-shaped or flower-like ring structures studding the surface of the nuclear envelope

Nuclear pore

Under a microscope, _______ looks like a diffuse, grainy, or thread-like mass in a standard light microscope, but high-powered electron microscopes reveal a detailed "beads on a string" structure

Chromatoin

Appears as a large, dense, dark, round or oval spot inside the cell's nucleus

Nucleolus

Looks like a series of flattened, interconnected, sheet-like sacs called cisternae that are studded with tiny, dark, granular dots representing ribosomes

Rough ER

Under a transmission electron microscope, _____ look like tiny, dark, bead-like dots

Ribosome

Looks like a network of delicate, interconnected tubes and flat, curved sacs (cisternae) with a clean, unstudded surface

Smooth ER

Reveals individual vesicles as tiny, round, membrane-bound sacs.

Secretory Vesticle

Appears as a stack of curved, flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae surrounded by small transport vesicles

Golgi Apparatus

look like tiny, oval, sausage-shaped, or bean-like structures, similar in size and shape to bacteria

Mitochondria