Volcanoes

Earth Science

Identification: magma that is a mix of basaltic and rhyolitic; eruption may or may not be explosive

Identification: magma that is a mix of basaltic and rhyolitic; eruption may or may not be explosive

andesitic magma

Identification: magma that has low viscosity and low silica and gas content; eruption is non-explosive

basaltic magma

Identification: volcano formed of volcanic rock and ash; erodes quickly

cinder cone volcano

Identification: volcano that is tall and steep; formed of lava and volcanic debris

composite volcano

Identification: non-explosive or very mild volcanic eruption

Hawaiian eruption

Identification: an active area of volcanoes due to a consistent source of magma in the asthenosphere

hot spot

Identification: the most powerful, explosive type of volcanic eruption

plinian eruption

The three main parts of a volcano are _____.

• central vent

• crater

• magma chamber

Volcanic eruptions occur because of _____.

• magma that needs to be released

• plate tectonics

• stress and pressure

Which magma is the most viscous?

rhyolitic

The type of lava least likely to form a pyroclastic flow is _____.

basaltic

The height of a volcano determines its explosive power. True or False?

False

What type of explosion and volcano does basaltic magma create?

Hawaiian explosion and shield volcanoes

What type of explosion and volcano does andesitic magma create?

strombolian explosion and cinder cone volcanoes

What type of explosion and volcano does rhyolitic magma create?

plinian explosion and composite volcanoes

Broad, gradual slopes are ________________ volcanoes, while tall, steep slopes are _____________ volcanoes.

shield

composite

Which type of volcano doesn't get very big or tall because it is susceptible to erosion?

cinder cone

The Ring of Fire is where many volcanoes occur because the _____ plate is subducted in nearly every region.

PacificId

Identification: energy produced from the heat of magma and other volcanic materials

geothermal energy

Identification: an avalanche of water, mud, and other materials that a volcanic eruption can produce

lahar

Identification: volcanic rock and debris that is blasted from a volcano during an eruption

tephra

The respiratory system of the body can be injured by volcanic _____ that comes from a volcanic eruption.

ash

An area's climate can be altered by a volcanic eruption. True or False?

True

Which of the following states was formed by continuous volcanic lava flow?

Hawaii

Review the following list and select either an "H" if the item is a hazard, a "B" if it's a benefit, or "HB" if it can be both a hazard and a benefit.

• pyroclastic flows

• volcanic ash

• geothermal energy

• lahars

• lava flows

• volcanic materials (pumice, lava rock)

H

HB

B

H

H

B

What are the other natural hazards that can occur due to volcanic activity?

• landslides and mudslides

• fires

• earthquakes

• flooding

• tsunamis

Identification: instrument used to measure volcanic gases

correlation spectrometer

Identification: gassy smoke released by a volcano

plume

Identification: instrument used to measure ground swelling

tiltmeter

What type of volcano would you most expect to erupt?

active

Which of the following are warning signs that a volcano will soon erupt?

• smoke plumes

• earthquakes or tremors

  • ground swelling

Match the following warning sign with its appropriate monitoring instrument.

1. Volcano is emitting gases.

2. Small tremors are occurring.

3. The ground by a volcano is moving upward.

1. COSPEC

2. seismograph

3. tiltmeter

Through monitoring, scientists can predict a volcanic eruption; the problem is that they don't always have the resources to enable them to do so. True or False?

True

How can a scientist predict how explosive the eruption of a volcano will likely be?

by studying the composition of its volcanic rock

Identification: a large mass of hardened igneous rock beneath all layers of sedimentary rock

batholith

Identification: vertical intrusion of magma between rock layers

dike

Identification: igneous rock that forms on Earth's surface

extrusive

Identification: a volcanic island undersea that has been cut off by wave erosion

guyot

Identification: igneous rock that forms in Earth's interior

intrusive

Identification: intrusive rock that pushes its way between sedimentary strata in the shape of a dome

laccolith

Identification: an underwater volcano

seamount

Magma that squeezes into a horizontal crack is called a _____. Magma that squeezes into a vertical crack is called a _____.

sill

dike

Granite Peak is an example of an eroded _____ that formed the base of the Grand Teton Mountains.

batholith

Which intrusive feature may start as a sill but, as more magma builds, push upward like a lens?

laccolith

What type of volcano is this?

“a very tall and broad-sloped peak made of mostly lava flow”

shield

What type of volcano is this?

a very tall, steep-sloped peak made of both lava and volcanic materials

composite

What type of volcano is this?

a shorter peak made of ash and volcanic rock

cinder cone

You can usually tell the difference between a caldera and crater by studying _____.

a feature's size and formation

If you see a very tall, rock feature that looks like a jagged, rectangular block sticking out of the ground, you're probably observing a _____.

volcanic neck

Which of the following statements are true?

• Batholiths are sills that push up into lens-shaped intrusions.

• Volcanoes can form mountains and islands.

• Volcanoes can form plateaus and lava domes.

• Geysers and hot springs occur due to hot, volcanic material inside the earth.

• Volcanoes can form mountains and islands.

• Volcanoes can form plateaus and lava domes.

• Geysers and hot springs occur due to hot, volcanic material inside the earth.