Intro to Oncology

FIRST OPATH 2 LECTURE HERE WE GOOOOOOOOOOOO (this lecture was short-)

It is the disorder of cell growth triggered by series of acquired mutations affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny.

Neoplasm

The study of tumors/neoplasms

Oncology

Type of tumor that remains localized, has slow growth, and is a single mass.

Benign tumor

Type of benign tumor that is derived from glands.

Adenoma

Type of benign tumor described as micro/macroscopically visible finger-like or warty projections from epithelial surfaces

Papillomas

Type of benign tumor that forms into large cystic masses.

Cystadenomas

It is described as a macroscopic projection above a mucosal surface.

Polyp

Type of tumor with ill-defined infiltrative borders, poor differentiation, and is collectively known as cancer.

Malignant tumor

Type of malignant tumor that has epithelial origin.

Carcinoma

Type of malignant tumor that arises from blood-forming cells.

Leukemias & lymphomas

Type of tumor that is derived from more than one type of tissue.

Mixed tumor

Type of tumor that is described as a disorganized benign mass composed of cells indigenous to the involved site.

Hamartoma

Type of tumor that involves heterotopic rest cells composed of tissue that is not indigenous to the involved site.

Choristoma

This is the hallmark of malignancy characterized as the lack of differentiation in neoplastic cells. Means “to form backward.”

Anaplasia

Term that describes a variation in size and shape.

Pleomorphism

Term that describes the replacement of one type of cell with another type in association with tissue damage, repair, and regeneration.

Metaplasia

Term that describes the presence of “disordered growth” that exhibits pleomorphism, and contains large hyperchromatic nuclei.

Dysplasia

A pre-invasive neoplasm that involves the full thickness of the epithlium but does not penetrate the basement membrane.

Carcinoma in situ

A type of neoplasm where tumor cells breach the basement membrane.

Invasive carcinoma

The spread of a tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous with the primary tumor. This marks a tumor as malignant.

Metastasis

What is the most common pathway of spread?

Lympathic spread