Jazz, Blues, and the Harlem Renaissance

Black Americans made contributions to what?

Music, literature, the visual arts, theater, and cultural criticism

What Black artists were significant to the 1920’s

Langston Hughes, Georgia Douglas Johnson, and Sterling A. Brown

The Great Gatsby doesn’t feature what type of character?

A significant Black Character

The Great Gatsby has no meaningful engagement of what?

Jazz itself, as a musical form or cultural phenomenon

What is the most famous and well studied Black artistic movement in American history?

The Harlem Renaissance

What do scholars debate about the Harlem Renaissance?

The date of its official begining

During the Harlem Renaissance there was an unprecedented rise in what?

The publication, promotion and acceptance of Black literature, music, and aethetic criticism

What does Samuel A. Floyd write about the Renaissance?

It “was an effort to secure economic, social, and cultural equality with white citizens, and the arts were to be used as a means of achieving that goal”

Who became the epicenter of a vibrant artistic community in the early 1920’s?

W.E.B Du Bois, Paul Laurence Dunbar, and Countee Cullen

What significantly read magazines could African American poets be published in?

The Crisis and Opportunity

What venue allowed musicians to experiment and perform?

The Cotton Club

What could critics and scholars work together to theorize?

The nature and purpose of Black artistic expression

What did Black writers see for the first time in history during the Harlem Renaissance?

The same fame and recognition as their white counterparts and their unique cultural contributions

What was a unique cultural contribution that came as a result of the Harlem Renaissance?

The use of folk traditions and literary use of musical developments like jazz and blues

What stands out in particular as a defining development of the period?

Jazz

Where did Jazz develop?

Out of musical experiments performed in New Orleans

Who describes the earliest versions of jazz as a mixture of genres?

Michael Broyles

Broyles believed jazz was the combination of elements from what?

Blues, ragtime, brass bands, gospel, and little Tin Pan Alley

When did Jazz start sweeping the country?

1917

Jazz started sweeping the country after what?

Early recordings by the Original Dixieland Jazz Bamd

How was the word Jazz originally spelled?

Jass

What did some people feel about Jazz?

It was too loose and irregularly rhythmed

Who primarily disliked the loose irregular rhythm of jazz?

Conservative music fans

Who helped popularize Jazz?

Joe King Oliver, Fletcher Henderson, Louis Armstrong, and Duke Ellington

How did Jazz artists popularize the genre?

Through recordings and live performances

Who did Jazz inspire?

Langston Hughes and Sterling A. Brown

Jazz influenced Hughes and Brown to do what?

Experiment with new poetic forms in an effort to replicate how jazz musicians used repetition, improvisation, and unique  rhythms in their music

Who were Blues musicians?

Mamie Smith and “Mississippi” John Hurt

How did Blues singers sing?

In expressive, nontraditional ways

Blues singers typically sang about what?

Difficulties of growing up impoverished and marginalized

Blues singers pathed what for writers?

Ways for writrers to express themselves

What does Richard A. Long believe?

Blues were not just a musical form with recognizable shape and sound, but also a musical ethos or way of thinking about the purpose of art

The emergence of jazz, blues, and the Harlem Renaissance signaled what?

A new era in the popularity and importance of Black artists in the United States

Why was the era of popularity and importance of Black artists significant?

It have these artists a platform and helped carve out space for a uniquely African American aethetic

What did Black artists formalize new ways to do?

Express the collective sorrows and traumas as well as joys and triumphs