Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (Ritalin)

Class

CNS Stimulant

Mechanism of Action

Methylphenidate stimulates the brain and acts similar to amphetamines.

Methylphenidate is thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron.

Administration Considerations

 Black Box Warning: High abuse potential

 Patients should avoid alcohol

 Monitor BP and HR

 Monitor growth and weight in children

 Monitor for signs of abuse

 Contraindicated with MAOIs or use of an MAOI within the preceding 14 days

Nursing Considerations Across the Lifespan

Typically prescribed to patients over the age of 6.

It should be avoided in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm arrhythmias, or coronary artery disease.

Blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored in all patients.

Indications

Methylphenidate is used for ADHD.

Side effects

 Immediately report signs and symptoms of abuse, cardiac or peripheral vascular complications, and priapism

 Report mania or psychotic episodes

 Common side effects: nervousness, headache, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, decreased and loss of appetite

 Gynecomastia

Contraindications

Hyperthyroidism

Anxiety

History of seizures

Hypertension

Tourette's Syndrome

Glaucoma

Psychosis

Depression

Therapeutic Effects

Increases mental focus and attention in patients with ADHD