Unit 11 Intelligence + Testing

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on intelligence, testing, and related topics.

What is the relationship between brain size and intelligence according to MRI studies?

MRI studies show a positive correlation (approximately ±.33) between brain size and intelligence.

Why might a larger brain be associated with higher intelligence?

Larger brains may allow for quicker processing of new information and often have more gray matter.

Who created the first IQ test designed to measure mental age and predict school readiness?

Alfred Binet

How was IQ traditionally calculated using mental age and chronological age?

Mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100. (MA/CA) x 100

Who created the first American IQ test?

Lewis Terman created the Stanford-Binet test.

What is the difference between achievement and aptitude tests?

Achievement tests assess what you've already learned, while aptitude tests predict your ability to learn.

What is the most widely used intelligence test?

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).

According to the bell curve for IQ scores, what range encompasses approximately 68% of the population?

Approximately 68% of scores fall between 85 and 115.

What is the definition of intelligence?

The ability to learn from experience and solve problems.

Who proposed the concept of a single general intelligence factor?

Charles Spearman proposed a single general intelligence factor, known as 'g'.

Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?

Howard Gardner proposed 8 multiple intelligences.

Name the eight multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner.

Linguistic, Logical-mathematical, Musical, Spatial-visual, Bodily-kinesthetic, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Naturalistic.

What is the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset?

A fixed mindset is the belief that abilities are innate and unchangeable, while a growth mindset is the belief that abilities can be developed through effort.

What is savant syndrome?

Savant syndrome is a condition where individuals with developmental disabilities exhibit extraordinary abilities in specific areas.

Which intellectual disability is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down syndrome, caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.

What is a common characteristic of gifted students in terms of reading?

Gifted individuals often start reading at unusually early ages.

What does 'heritability' mean in the context of intelligence?

Heritability refers to the proportion of differences in a trait that are attributable to genetic factors.

What do test creators attempt to do to avoid cultural bias?

To avoid cultural bias, test creators attempt to create culturally neutral questions.

What is stereotype threat?

Stereotype threat is the belief that you will perform poorly, which then leads to you performing poorly.

What does standardization mean in test construction?

Standardization involves uniform testing procedures.

What does reliability mean in test construction?

Reliability refers to the consistency of test results upon repeat testing.

What does validity mean in test construction?

Validity refers to whether the test results have any value and measure what they are supposed to measure.

What is the Flynn effect?

The Flynn effect is the observed increase in IQ scores over time.

How do fluid and crystallized intelligence change with age?

Fluid intelligence decreases with age, while crystallized intelligence increases with age.

What defines intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability is defined as an IQ of 70 or below, with impaired cognitive, social, and practical skills.