Chemistry midterm review

What is the dalton model

Sphere only

What is the thomson model

Chocolate chip cookie. Whole positive sphere with electrons stuck on

What is the rutherford model?

Model with a nucleus and electrons flying aimlessly by the nucleus

What is the bhor model

Model with a nucleus but learned that electrons fly in a path.

What is the schrodinger model?

Current model. Electron cloud and that electrons move in and out of our reality

What is the formula for percent abundance?

Change % to a decimal and multiply by isotope. Do with every isotope and add the answers.

What is the atomic mass

Neutrons + protons

Are anions or cations positive? Do they gain or lose electrons?

Cations. They lose electrons

Are anions or cations negative? Do they lose or gain electrons

Anions. They gain electrons

What does a 2+ mean by and element and how would you find its ion notation.

The element lost two electrons and you have to find the element with two protons less than the element

What are columns and what do they say about an element

Groups/families. Tells us the amount of valence electrons.

What are rows and what do they say about an element?

Periods. They tell us the amount of energy levels/rings

What is the family names in order from left to right?

Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals, Halogens, Nobel gases

What are characteristics of metals?

Cations in bonds, Shiny/lustrous, solid at room temp, good conductors, malleable, ductile, high melt and boil point

What is malleable?

Can be made into sheets

What is ductile?

Can be drawn into wires

What metal is the only metal that is a liquid?

Hg-Mercury

What are characteristics of metalloids?

Looks like metals but behave like nonmetals, are metals in naming, shiny, brittle, solids, semiconductors.

What are characteristics of nonmetals?

Forms as anions in bonds, dull, liquid or gas at room temp, poor conductor, good insulator, brittle and flaky, low melt and boil points.

Does electronegativity or ionization energy exclude nobel gases

Electronegativity

Why does electronegativity increase going up and right?

More protons=more attraction to electrons

What are intramolecular forces?

The bonds that hold atoms together WITHIN a molecule

What are intermolecular forces?

Forces that exist BETWEEN molecules

What are ionic properties?

Full charge, high melt and boil points, solid, brittle, strong

What are polar characteristics?

Middle strength, somewhere in the middle

What are nonpolar characteristics?

Low melt and boil points, more likely to be a gas, low viscosity

Bonds from strongest to weakest and mosy to least electronegativity

Ionic, polar, nonpolar

What are characteristics of a linear molecule?

Nonpolar, 180 degrees, straight line

What are characteristics of bent molecules

Polar, 120 degrees, and looks like a tent

What are characteristics of trigonal planar (plain triangle)

Nonpolar, 120 degrees, three branches

What are characteristics of trigonal pyramidal

Polar, 109.5 degrees, branches are lower than middle.

What are characteristics of tetrahedral

Nonpolar, 109.5 degrees, four branches

What element bonds can you reduce?

Ionic

Which bonds have higher subscripts?

Covalent