SocialStudies8_1stQuarter

Topography

The physical or natural features of an object or entry and their structural relationships

How the environment affects human beings

• It can affect societies culture and way of living

• It influences the development of human culture

Many ways humans are linked with the natural environment:

• Relations between societies and their built environments

• Societies adapt to the environment and transform to environment they in habitat

• Depend upon the use of resources for our survival and material well-being

How the environment affects human beings: human habilitation

In order to build a safe home they need to use natural resources from their area

How to environment affects human beings: source of livelihood

• Location determines their main occupation

• An example if you live near the seas or any coastal areas fishing may be your best option for job

How can the environment affect human beings: dietary habits

• It is made from what is abundant in the environment

• An example the rice is for people near the sea and wheat is for the americans

How can the environment affect human beings: clothing

• It depends on the places temperature and climate

• An example is for mountainous region they were thick clothing for its low temperature

How can the environment affect human beings: religion

• For the coastal areas their main god is the god of seas

• For the ifugaos their main god is the god of harvest

How can humans affect their environment: humans have altered natural systems

• Living things and other forces alter the shape and their environment

How humans can affect the environment: overpopulation

• Taking more land spaces means threat for flora (plants) and fauna (animals)

How can humans affect their environment: pollution

• Day to day gives adverse effects on air, land, and water

How can humans affect their environment: Climate Change

• Affect plublic health and quality of life

How can humans affect their environment: Wildlife preservations

• Due to the other 3 human affects on the environment, it also takes a toll on the animals and even takes their life and whole species

Regional Divisions of Asia

North Asia

It includes the frigid region of Siberia, and parts or Russia in Asia

Regional Divisions of Asia

Central Asia

• It consist of five republics of the former Soviet Union

• Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan

Regional Divisions of Asia

West Asia

• Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia, Iraq

• Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar

• Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE, Yemen

  Other names

• Middle East

• MENA (Middle East and North Africa)

• Mashriq: Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, israel, Palestine, Iraq, Iran. Afghanistan

• Gulf States: Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia

Regional Divisions of Asia

South asia

• Consists of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, sri lanka,

Regional Divisions of Asia

East Asia

• China, Mongolia, Taiwan, North Korea, South Korea, Japan.

  • Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet.

Regional Divisions of Asia

Southeast Asia

• Mainland Southeast Asia (indochina): Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thialand, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia

• Maritime Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Philippines, East Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, East Timor

Types of Climate

• Arctic / Tundra - Tropical Savanna

• Continental - Tropical Rainforest

• Humid - Grasslinds

• Subtropical - Mediterranean

• Desert - Tropical Wet Zone

Climate of Asia

West Asia

• Continental Climate in the northern areas of region

  • Continental Climate - warm summers, cold winter

• Dry Zone experienced in the southern regions

  • precipitation is low

• Mediterranean Climate is observed along the western part of the region

  • Mediterranean Climate - hot, dry summers & col, wet winters

Climate of Asia: South Asia

Tropical Wet Zones

High temperature and frequent rainfall

Climate of Asia: South Asia

Desert

Area which gets the least rainfall

Climate of Asia: South Asia

Highlands

This zone has the coldest climate as the snow occurs year-round and it also covers the area of the Himalayas and northern South Asia

Climate of Asia: East Asia

Humid Continental

Chilly temprature and snow during the winter, while long and cool, hot temperatures during the summers.

Climate of Asia: East Asia

Humid Subtropical

Experience hot humid summers and mild winters

Climate of Asia: Southeast Asia

Tropical Rainforest

Countries in this climate zone experience high temperatures and levels of humidity.

Climate of Asia: Southeast Asia

Tropical Savanna

Countries in this climate zone experience dry weather during the cold season and wet weather during hot seasons.

Climate of Asia: Southeast Asia

Monsoon Seasons

Southeast Asia receives plenty of rain, especially due to the tropical rain belt.

Climate of Asia: North and Central Asia

Artic/Tundra

Tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

Climate of Asia: North and Central Asia

Grasslands

vegitation is dominaed by a nearly continuous cover of grasses

Natural Resources: West Asia

Oil

• the region has the largest oil and natural reserves which explains why its economy heavily relies on the said natural resources.

• The top 5 countries with largest oil are Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and UAE.

Natural Resourses: South Asia

Fisheries

Seafood and other maritime products make up the economy of the coastal regions of India and Sri Lanka

Natural Resources: South Asia

Forestry

in certain countries such as Bangladesh and India, timber, bamboo and other hardwood serves as their source of livelihood.

Natural Resources: South Asia

Minerals

Coal, petroleum, and uranium serve as the major energy sources in this region.

Natural Resources: East Asia

Agriculture

Rice, corn and barley, and herding

Natural Resources: East Asia

Fishers

Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have abundant supply of seafood due to its lands being surrounded by seas.

Natural Resource: East Asia

Minerals

China and North Korea are rich in metals such as gold, magnetite and tungsten.

Natural Resources: Southeast Asia

Agriculture

Fruits and rice (staple crop)

Natural Resources: Southeast Asia

Fisheries

as it is surrounded by hundreds of bodies of water

Natural Resources: Southeast Asia

Forestry

Timber, Teak, and other lumber

Natural Resources: Southeast Asia

Mining

Metals, oil, and natural gas

Topographical Features: West Asia

Pontic Mountains

• Northern Turkey

• Also known as Parhar Mountains - meaning “high”

Topographical Features: West Asia

Asir Region

4th largest region in Saudi Arabia

Topographical Features: West Asia

Rub’al Khali Desert

• Also known as “Empty Quarters”

• World’s largest sand sea

• Unbroken sand desert

Topographical Features: West Asia

Caucasus Mountains

• Home to Mt. Elbrus - highest peak in Europe

Topographical Features: West Asia

Anatolian Plateau

Home to earliest evidence of sedentary and agricultural societies beyond Fertile Crescent

Topographical Features: West Asia

Dead Sea

• 34% salinity

• Named dead sea because of its salinity prevents aquatic organisms to thrive

Topographical Features: West Asia

Strait of Hormuz

• World’s most important oil chokepoint

• Only sea passage from the persian gurf to open sea

Topographical Features: West Asia

Tigris River

• 2nd largest river in West Asia

• Important in history; earliest civilization

Topographical Features: South Asia

Deccan Plateau

• Mining, steel production, textiles

• One of the oldest plateaus

Topographical Features: South Asia

Indus Valley

• Home to one of the earliest civilizations: Harappa

• Elaborate sewage system and urban planning

Topographical Features: South Asia

Mt. Everest

• Highest mountain above sea level

• Located in Nepal

Topographical Features: South Asia

Himalayas

• Mountain range in Asia

• Home to over 100 peaks

Topographical Features: South Asia

Bay of Bengal

• Largest water region called a bay in the world

• Economic highway of eastern and western hemispheres

Topographical Features: South Asia

Brahmaputra

• Helps in irrigation because of its alluvial soild

Topographical Features: South Asia

Indian Ocean

• 3rd largest oceanic division in the world

Topographical Features: South Asia

Ganges River

• Home to 650 milion people

• Longest and largest river in india

Topographical Features: East Asia

Tibetan Plateau

• World’s highest and largest plateau above sea level

• Sometimes called as the “rook of the world“

• Earth’s “third pole“ because it is one of the major drivers of global climate

Topographical Features: East Asia

Gobi Desert

Topographical Features: East Asia

Han River

●Longest river in the Korean peninsula

• Generate hydroelectric power

Topographical Features: East Aisa

Huang He

• Also “Yellow River”

• Called as “Mother River” → birthplace of the ancient Chinese civilization

• 2nd longest river in China

Topographical Features: East Asia

Yangtze River

• Longest river in Eurasia

• 3rd longest in the world

Topographical Features: East Asia

Pacific Ocean

• Largest and deepest oceanic division of the world

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Indonesian Archipelago

• includes 17,000 islands

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Mt. Agung

• Bali, indonesia

• Highest peak of Bali

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Mayal Peninsula

• Situated between the Indian Ocean and China seas which helped in trading

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Kra Isthmus

• Narrowest part of Malay Peninsula

• Called “Devils Neck“

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Gulf of Tunkin

• Historical significance: US-Vietnam War

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Philippine Trench

• Houses the third deepest point on earth, emben deep

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Mekong River

• 3rd longest river in Asia

Topographical Features: Southeast Asia

Malacca Strait

• Maritime trade route between India and China

Eurocentrism

• Views asia as an extension of the history of europe and as a recipient of europe culture

White man's burden

• Poem about PH-US war

• US assume colonial power over filipinos

• Whites should help civilize non whites

The american manifest destiny

• The US decision to seize the philippines was often treated as an extension of manifest destiny the idea that the us states had a unique civilizing mission to the north american continent and beyond.

Manifest destiny

• The belief in the superior culture and race of americans

Balangiga massacre

• Ph killed over 40 american soldiers

• In return american soldiers kill everyone over 10 years old

Bud Dajo Massacre

• Moro women, men, and children killed by american and piled in an extinct volcano

Bug Bagsak

• Battle between ph and us soldiers

• Won by us soldiers

Orientalism

• It views europeans as superior to asia and culture and in race

• Concept that was passed down from europe imperialism

Asia centrism

• Regards asia to be either central or unique relative to other regions to promote its own identity

• It can also pertain to the use and focus of asian language, religion, history, etc when talking about asians

Cultural relativism

• Culture should be understood based on its own context

3c's

• Context

• Critical thinking

• Careful assessment

Hominins

• First of the human lineage

• Bipedals

Australopithecines

• Combination of ape and human features

• Smaller brain

• Started to make simple stone tools

Genus homo

• Anatomically modern humans

• First to control fire

• Largest cranial capacity

• Fully developed opposable thumbs for making tools

• Refined stone tools

How were they able to migrate

• Using of tools

• Adaptation

• Control of fire

• Bipedalism

• Larger brain capacity

Out of Africa Theory

• All modern humans originated in africa and migrated out of the continent over time

Out of africa theory: model a

• Modern humans are homo sapiens from africa migrated out of africa and replaced old populations in other parts of the world

Multi regional hypothesis: model b

• Humans in different parts of the world evolved in different places from the different populations of homo erectus

Multi regional hypothesis: model b

First migration

• Homo erectus migrated out of africa to other parts of the world

Multi regional hypothesis: model b

Second migration

• After thousands of years homo sapiens from africa migrated to interbreed with other populations and other parts of the world

Multi regional hypothesis: Model C

• After homo erectus migrated they continued to interbreed an eventually evolve into homo sapiens

Multi regional hypothesis: model d

• Only homo erectus migrated and eventually evolved into homo sapiens in different regions

Definition of civitas

• The term was first used in rome where in ____ means granting citizenship to those who have finished their military training

Civilization

• The origin word is civitas

• It means city or city state

• The definition is a body of people constituting a politically organized community

Kabihasnan

• The origin word is bihasa

• It means used or to be accustomed

• The definition is it made the note the idea of a society with customs culture and technological advancements

Civilization checklist 1

Urban focus

• Cities have become centers of political, economical, social, cultural, and religious development

Civilization checklist 2

Political and military structures

• A system of governance is established to meet the demands of the rising population and armies are organized for defense