Chem vocabL chapter 2

binary compound

compound composed of two elements: ionic or covalent

ionic

between to opposite charged particles: the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms.

covalent

a type of chemical bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

ionic compound

a compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.

molecular compound

a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules, formed by covalent bonds between atoms.

multivalent ionic compound

a compound formed from a metal that can form more than one type of positive ion (cation) and a non-metal, resulting in various possible ionic formulas depending on the charge of the cation.

polyatomic ion

an ion composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded, which can carry a positive or negative charge.

acid

A substance that donates protons (H+) and typically has a sour taste.

base

A substance that can accept protons or donate electron pairs in a chemical reaction.

polar substance

A substance with a distribution of electrical charge resulting in positive and negative ends, allowing it to interact with other polar substances.

surface tension

The cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave as if covered by a thin elastic film.

hydrogen bonds

Attractive forces between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

melting/boiling point

The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to gas (boiling).

intermolecular forces

Forces between molecules that affect their physical properties.

intramolecular forces

Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule.

adhesion

The attraction between different substances.

cohesion

Attractive forces between like molecules that cause them to stick together.

binary molecular compound

A compound formed from two non-metal elements through covalent bonds.

binary ionic compound

a compound made of two elements, a metal and a nonmetal, held together by ionic bonds. 

formula unit

the smallest unit of a substance that has a defined chemical formula

stock system

a naming system used in chemistry to indicate the charge of an element in a compound

polyatomic ion

a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zero

electrolyte

substances that have a natural positive or negative electrical charge when dissolved in water

non-electrolyte

a solute that does not dissociate, or separate, into ions during the dissolving process

acid base indicator

compounds that change color when they become protonated or deprotonated

pH scale

anges from 0 to 14. 7 is neutral

neutralize

a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react with an equivalent quantity of each other

polar

a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative

diploe

a molecule or bond with opposite charges at its ends