Trauma

Mental Health Exam 2

How long does Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) last?

3 days - month

How long does Posttraumatice Stress Disorder (PTSD) last?

longer than 1 month - years

What is Adjustment Disorder and how long does it last?

reaction to stressful event that causes more than expected difficulty coping; symptoms may develop w/in 1 month and lasting no longer than 6 months

What is Acute Stress Disorder?

occurs after traumatic event and is characterized by reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal that occur from 3 days to 4 weeks following. Can be precursor to PTSD.

What is the tx for Acute Stress Disorder?

CBT involving exposure and anxiety mgmt can help prevent progression to PTSD

What is PTSD?

thoughts and memories of traumatic event don’t go away or get worse and lead to inability to regulate emotions and maintain healthy relationships.

What are the PTSD DSM V criteria for adults, adolescents, and children older than 6 years.

exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence by direct experience, witnessing, learning the event happened to close family or friend, or experiencing repeated/extreme exposure (first responder or cop)

What are the 4 subcategories of PTSD symptoms in DSM V?

intrusion symptoms (memories, dreams, flashbacks)
persistent avoidance (avoiding place, people, or situation triggers)
negative cognition/thoughts
being on guard/hyperarousal (insomnia, hypervigilance, irritability)

What are the universal trauma precautions?

assume everyone has trauma
consider pt tone of voice, eye contact, and body language
respect for culture, race, ethnicity, gender, & sexual orientation
support pt’s choices/autonomy
minimize noise
practice self care and reach out to others when needed

What is the most common tx for Adjustment Disorder?

outpatient counseling or therapy

Why are children particularly vulnerable to trauma?

their brains are rapidly developing

What happens to a child’s brain during a traumatic experience?

brain enters heightened state of stress, activating fear-related hormones

What is Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)?

child doesn’t turn to caregiver for comfort or social interaction; typically results in child becoming w/drawn from adult due to unmet needs.

What is Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)?

overly familiar toward strangers w/o regard to social boundaries due to inadequate caregiving during childhood; diagnosed after 9 months - 5 years

What is an ACE score?

total count of adverse childhood experiences reported by respondents to assess total amount of stress during childhood

What is the ACEs Study?

assesses associations b/t childhood maltreatment and later-life health and well-being

What condition is counseling or therapy, individually (psychodynamic) or in goups, used for?

acute stress disorder to prevent the progression to PTSD; outpatient therapy used for PTSD pts; combo of both types produces best results.

What is exposure therapy and what is it used for?

combo of relaxation techniques with exposure to traumatic event (can be imagined); designed to combat avoidance that occurs w/PTSD

What is adaptive disclosure?

type of CBT developed by military offering intense, specific, short-term therapy for active military w/PTSD; incorporates exposure and empty chair technique where participant says whatever needed to anyone, alive or dead.

What is cognitive processing therapy?

used w/rape survivors w/PTSD and combat veterans; focuses on examining wrong beliefs or beliefs that interfere w/daily life like guilt and self-blame.

What is EMDR?

therapy that encourages pt to focus briefly on trauma memory while also experiencing bilateral stimulation (eye movements), which is associated w/reduction in emotion and vividness of memory; used to help pts recover from trauma and PTSD

What is the best treatment for trauma recovery?

combo of meds and CBT

What meds are used for trauma recovery?

SSRIs, SNRIs