R3.3.1/R3.4.3 Heterolytic/homolytic bond fission
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Last updated 11:51 AM on 5/6/25
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4 Terms
1
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Homolytic bond fission
Covalent bond breaks evenly
Each atom takes one electron.
Forms free radicals with unpaired electrons.
Represented with a dot (•).
2
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Heterolytic bond fission
Covalent bond breaks unevenly
One atom takes both electrons.
Forms positive and negative ions.
More electronegative atom gets both electrons.
3
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Homolytic fission example
Cl–Cl bond breaks under UV light
Each Cl takes one electron.
Produces two Cl• radicals.
Seen in free radical substitution.
4
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Heterolytic fission example
C–Cl bond in haloalkane breaks unevenly.
Cl gets both electrons forming Cl⁻.
Seen in nucleophilic substitution.
