Bipolar Disorder Flashcards

Flashcards on Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).

Bipolar I Disorder

Involves periods of severe mood episodes from mania to depression.

Bipolar II Disorder

A milder form of mood elevation involving milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with periods of severe depression.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Describes periods of hypomania with brief periods of depression that are not as extensive or long lasting as seen in full depressive episodes.

DSM-5 Criteria for Bipolar I Disorder

One or more manic episodes which are either preceded by or followed by hypomanic or a major depressive episode.

Grandiosity

An inflated sense of self-esteem.

Flight of Ideas

Skipping from one tangent to another without linking the concepts in between.

Goal-Directed Activity (Extreme Example)

Buying a new house and a new car on the same day.

Increase in Risk-Taking Activities

Driving fast or almost getting arrested for shoplifting.

Euphoria

A state of intense happiness and well-being.

Rage

A feeling of intense anger.

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms

Increased risk-taking behavior associated with enjoyment of symptoms.

Impact of Manic Episodes

The experience of symptoms is great for the patient but overwhelming for others.

Challenges in Occupational Therapy Clinic

Difficulty focusing on one task, staying focused in a group, and maintaining focus in the present moment.

Incidence and Prevalence of Bipolar Disorder

Approximately 1% for men and women.

Onset of Bipolar Disorder

Occurs in the early 20s but can happen at any age.

Genetic Influence in Bipolar Disorder

As high as 80% or more.

Triggers for Manic Episodes

Stress, drug use, and lack of sleep are believed to potentially trigger manic episodes.

Occupational Therapy Treatment Strategies

Limiting choices, providing concrete structure, and giving direct instructions.

Clay in OT Treatment

Not recommended for patients experiencing a manic episode due to its unstructured nature.

Limiting Choices

Limit the options to this project or that project when offering activities.

Concrete Structure

Provide specific directions (one-step or two-step) on how to complete a task.

Directness and Consistency

Be clear, consistent, and calm when communicating instructions.

Not mirroring their affect

Maintain a calm, plain, neutral, and focused demeanor.

Setting Limits

Kindly set boundaries and help patients understand the impact of their behavior.

Famous Individuals with Bipolar Disorder

Peter Tchaikovsky, Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), Ernest Hemingway, Charles Dickens, Stephen Foster, Edgar Allan Poe, Georgia O'Keefe, Patty Duke, James Taylor, Roseanne Barr.

Characteristics of Bipolar I Disorder

Severe mood episodes from mania to depression.

Characteristics of Bipolar II Disorder

Milder episodes of hypomania alternating with severe depression.

Characteritics of Cyclothymic Disorder

Hypomania with brief periods of depression.

Diagnostic Criteria of Bipolar I Disorder

Must have one or more manic episodes, preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episode.

Example of Grandiosity

Believing one can do anything, even without experience.

More Talkative

Talking more than usual.

Distractibility

Easily distracted.

Example of Increased Goal-Directed Activity

Painting the entire inside of the house without stopping to eat or sleep.

Excessive Behavior

Excessive engagement with pleasurable activities.

Euphoria in Mania

Everything is seen as beautiful and wonderful.

Rapid Speech

Speech is very rapid and loud.

Patient Perception of Manic Symptoms

Symptoms are initially enjoyed by the patient, feeling productive and immortal.

Difficulty Keeping Focus

Patients are elsewhere in thought and rapidly changing focus.

Age of Onset for Bipolar Disorder

Can occur at any age.

Etiology of Bipolar Disorder

Genetic predisposition accounts for a high percentage.

Triggers for Manic Episodes are Unclear

Unclear, but stress, drug use, and lack of sleep are potential triggers.

Limiting Choices in OT

Limit the available project choices.

Patient Behavior in OT

Patients may start then quickly drop multiple projects.

Concrete Instructions in OT

Specific instructions with few steps at a time.

Consistency

Calm, clear, and consistent reinforcement of instructions.

Modeling

Modelling the behavior that is needed for the patient to adopt it.

Seeing Their Impact of Behavior

Helping patients recognize the effects of their actions

Patty Duke

Author of an autobiographical book about her experiences living with Bipolar Disorder.

Grandiosity Example

May believe they can do anything, even without experience

Risk Taking Example

Potentially lead to arrest for petty theft

Euphoria Described

Everything seen as wonderful even difficult activities

Patient Feelings

The world is theirs, they can accomplish anything, feel immortal

Feeling of Others Around Patient

Others feel absolutely overwhelmed around the patient

What the Patient needs

Very specific, focused tasks/activities

What the Patient wants to do

Patient wants to do everything right away

Reassurance

Reinforcement in calm voice

Behavior to Model

Calm, plain, neutral, and direct

Help Patient See

Impacts of the patient's behavior

Patty Duke Experience

Book about the impact of experincing the disorder throughout her life

Bipolar II

Alternating periods of hypomania and severe depression.

Self Esteem Symptoms

Elevated self esteem

Flight of Ideas Symptoms

Individual skips from one tangent to the next

Goal Directed Activity Example

Buying a new house or a car in one day

Examples of Risk Taking Activities

Can lead to shoplifting

Speech Symptoms

speech can be rapid and or loud

Etiology Factor

Genetic Link

Possible Cause

Genetic predisposition

Characteristics

Individual may want to do everything immediately

Recommendations

Very direct and consistent

Characteristics OT

Calm, focused and neutral

Limits

Help them evaluate their impact on others

Patty Duke Role

Helen Keller

Criteria

One or more manic episodes

Symptoms

Difficulty to focus

Prevalence

High Incidence

Etiology

Genetic influence predisposition

Treatment

Structure activity

Recommendation

Give concrete direction

Recommendation2

Do not mirror affect

Consequence of not finishing

Need to finish project

Duke

Book Experiences