Anatomy

Plasma membrane

A phospholipid bilayer that separates extracellular and intracellular fluid.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes that assemble proteins and produce cellular membranes.

Golgi apparatus

Sorts, processes, and packages proteins and membranes made by the rough ER.

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes produced by the rough ER and breaks down lipids.

Mitochondria

Produces energy used by the cell and contains its own DNA.

Tight junctions

Belt-like seals between the apical regions of the cells that prevent molecules from passing between cells.

Desmosomes

Anchoring junctions that bind adjacent cells at plaques and provide strength within the cell.

Gap junctions

Allow for intercellular communication and facilitate movement of molecules between adjacent cells.

Microtubules

Hollow tubes of tubulin protein that serve as attachment sites for organelles.

Microfilaments

Actin filaments beneath the cell membrane that generate contractile forces for movement.

Intermediate filaments

Protein fibers that are wound like a rope and resist pulling forces.

Tissue

A group of similar cells and their binding extracellular matrix joined to perform a specific function.

Cell

Made up of molecules.

Organ

Formed by two or more tissues.

Organ system

Consists of different organs that work together closely.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers and lines surfaces.

Connective tissue

Tissue that supports and binds other tissues.

Nervous tissue

Tissue responsible for communication and control.

Muscle tissue

Tissue that controls movement.