AP_Modern_Review_Ppt__units_3___4_

Millets

Religious communities in the Ottoman Empire where non-Muslim minorities were organized, had their own leaders, and managed their own education and certain legal matters.

Janissaries

Conscripted soldiers from conquered lands who were taken as a form of tax and served for a period of time, often rising to high positions in the Ottoman bureaucracy.

Safavid Empire

The only Shi'a Muslim empire during the period 1450-1750, known for its rivalry with the Sunni Ottoman Empire.

Shah Abbas the Great

The ruler under whom the Safavid Empire reached its peak, known for his military alliances with Europeans and tolerance towards non-Muslims.

Columbian Exchange

The biological exchange of plants, animals, pathogens, and people between the Old World and the New World, resulting from exploration.

Atlantic Circuit

A clockwise network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, which included the Middle Passage for slave transport.

Indulgences

Certificates sold by church officials that granted a release from punishment for sin, contributing to the Protestant Reformation.

95 Theses

A document written by Martin Luther that challenged the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences.

Justification by Faith

A doctrine of Martin Luther stating that faith alone is sufficient for salvation, negating the need for indulgences or acts.

Sati

A former Hindu practice where a widow would self-immolate on her husband's funeral pyre, which Akbar prohibited to improve women's status.

Contextualization

In a DBQ, it refers to relating the topic of the prompt to broader historical events or developments that occur around the time frame of the question.

Evidence in DBQ

The requirement to describe the content from documents and support an argument using at least six documents in response to the DBQ prompt.

Merchants

Individuals or businesses engaged in the trade of goods or services, often playing a central role in economic systems.

Silk Road

An ancient network of trade routes connecting East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas.

Feudalism

A social and economic system prevalent in medieval Europe, characterized by the exchange of land for military service.

Renaissance

A cultural movement in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, emphasizing art, literature, and humanism.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that promotes governmental regulation of a nation's economy for augmenting state power.

Colonialism

The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country and exploiting it economically.

Encomienda System

A Spanish labor system that granted colonists authority over local Indigenous peoples to exploit their labor.

Pragmatism

A philosophical approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another, often facilitated by trade and migration.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization from the late 18th to early 19th century that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial.

Absolutism

A political system in which a single ruler or authority has complete sovereignty over the state, often justified by divine right.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; independence from external control.

Social Contract

A theory that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to form a society and be governed.

Natural Rights

Rights that individuals are born with, such as life, liberty, and property, that governments should protect.

Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods for profit.

Socialism

An economic system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Feminism

A social and political movement advocating for women's rights and equality between genders.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Globalization

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale.

Absolutism

A political system where a single ruler has complete power over the state, often justified by divine right.

Natural Rights

Rights that individuals are born entitled to, including life, liberty, and property.

Social Contract

The theory that individuals consent to form a society and accept government authority.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership and the creation of goods for profit.

Socialism

An economic system where production means are owned or regulated collectively by the community.

Feminism

A movement for advocating women's rights and achieving gender equality.

Imperialism

A policy to extend a country's power through colonization or military force.

Globalization

The process by which organizations develop international influence or operate globally.

Mercantilism

An economic theory promoting governmental regulation to increase national power through trade.

Renaissance

A cultural movement in Europe (14th-17th centuries) emphasizing art, literature, and humanism.

Feudalism

A social system in medieval Europe centered on land exchange for military service.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization from the late 18th to early 19th century transforming economies.

Contextualization

In a DBQ, relating the topic to broader historical events within the time frame of the question.

Evidence in DBQ

The requirement to support arguments using at least six documents in response to the DBQ prompt.

Janissaries

Conscripted soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, often rising to high bureaucratic positions.

Columbian Exchange

The biological exchange of plants, animals, and people between the Old World and New World.

Atlantic Circuit

A network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, including the slave trade.

Indulgences

Certificates sold by the church granting release from punishment for sins, linked to the Reformation.

95 Theses

A document by Martin Luther challenging the Catholic Church's practices, especially indulgences.

Shah Abbas the Great

The Safavid ruler known for military alliances with Europeans and tolerance toward non-Muslims.

What is the Renaissance?

A cultural movement in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, emphasizing art, literature, and humanism.

What defines the Enlightenment?

An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

What is feudalism?

A social and economic system prevalent in medieval Europe, characterized by the exchange of land for military service.

Define mercantilism.

An economic theory that promotes governmental regulation of a nation's economy to augment state power.

What is colonialism?

The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country and exploiting it economically.

Explain the Atlantic Slave Trade.

The transportation of enslaved African people to the Americas via the Atlantic Ocean, part of the triangular trade.

What is the significance of the Silk Road?

An ancient network of trade routes connecting East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas.

Define cultural diffusion.

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another, often facilitated by trade or migration.

What is socialism?

An economic system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Explain capitalism.

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the creation of goods for profit.

What are natural rights?

Rights that individuals are born with, including life, liberty, and property that governments should protect.

What is the concept of sovereignty?

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; independence from external control.

Define absolutism.

A political system in which a single ruler or authority has complete sovereignty over the state, often justified by divine right.

What is feminism?

A social and political movement advocating for women's rights and equality between genders.

What does globalisation mean?

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on a global scale.

Describe pragmatism.

A philosophical approach assessing the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution?

A period of major industrialization from the late 18th to early 19th century that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial.

What is the role of merchants?

Individuals or businesses engaged in the trade of goods or services, often central to economic systems.

What are indulgences?

Certificates sold by church officials that granted a release from punishment for sin, contributing to the Protestant Reformation.

What are the 95 Theses?

A document by Martin Luther that challenged the practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The biological exchange of plants, animals, pathogens, and people between the Old World and the New World, resulting from exploration.