Med Term Ch 2

Cell Membrane

Structure that allows materials to pass into and out of cell

Nucleus

Central controlling structure in a cell that contains chromosomes with DNA

Chromosomes

Color bodies, contain genetic material, rod shaped nuclear structure

Cytoplasm

The material within cell membrane that is not part of nucelus, liquid contents of cell

Mitochondria

Part of cell where catabolism occures, structure in cell where food is burned to produce energy

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Part of cell where formation of protein occurs

Ribosomes

Small round structure that make proteins

Anabolism

The process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces (anime acids)

Catabolism

Process of casting down, breaking down material in cell to release energy

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, regulates activities of cell according to its sequence of each chromosome

Genes

Particular regions of DNA within each chromosome

Karyotype

Photogram of individual’s chromosomes

Metabolism

The sum of anabolism and catabolism

Tissues

Group of similar cells working together to do specific jobs

Adipose Tissue

Collection of fat cells

Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue at joints

Epithelial Cells

Skin cells that covers outside of body, lines internal surfaces of organs

Larynx

Voicebox, located in trachea

Pharynx

Throat

Pituitary gland

Endocrine gland at base of the brain

Thyroid Gland

Endocrine gland that surrounds trachea in the neck

Trachea

Windpipe, tube leading from throat and larynx to bronchial tubes

Ureter

Tube from kidney to urinary bladder

Urethra

Tube from urinary bladder to outside of body

Uterus

Womb, organ that holds fetus as it develops

VIscera

Internal organs

Cranial

Pertaining to the head

Thoracic

Pertaining to the chest

Abdominal

Pertaining to the abdomen

Pelvic

Pertaining to the pelvis

Spinal

Pertaining to the spine

Body Cavities

Spaces within body that contain internal organs

Abdominal cavity

Space below chest

Cranial cavity

Space in head

Diaphragm

Muscular wall separating abdominal and thoracic activities

Dorsal (Posterior)

Pertaining to the back

Mediastinum

Space is chest between lungs

Pelvic Cavity

Space formed by hip bones

Peritoneum

Membrane that protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity

Pleura

Membrane surrounding lungs

Pleural Cavity

Space between membranes around lungs

Spinal Cavity

Space within spinal column

Thoracic Cavity

Space in chest

Ventral (Anterior)

Pertaining to the front

Hypochondriac Region

Region in abdomen that is located right under rib cartilage

Umbilical Region

Central region near navel

Lumbar Region

Region on left and right sides near inward curve of spine

Hypogastric region

Region below stomach

Epigastric region

Region above stomach

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Area encompassing right liver, gallaldder, parts of pancreas and portions of small and large intestines

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Area encompassing parts of small and large intestines, appendix, right ureter, right ovary, uterine tube, spermatic duct

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Area encompassing left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, parts of pancrease and large intestines

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Area encompassing portions of small and large intestines, left ureter, ovary, uterine tube, spermatic duct

Cervical

Neck region C1-C7

Thoracic

Chest region T1-T12

Lumbar

Waist, flank region L1-L5

Sacral

5 bones are fused to form sacrum S1-S5

Coccygeal

Tailbone is compoased of 4 fixed pieces

Vertebra

Single backbone

Vertebrae

Backbones

Spinal Column

Bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity

Spinal cord

Nervous tissue within spinal cavity

Disc, Disk

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Anterior (Ventral)

Front side

Posterior (dormal)

Back side

Deep

Away from surface

Superficial

On the surface

Proximal

Near the point of attachment to trunk, near beginning of structure

Distal

Far from point of attachment, far from beginning of tructure

Inferior

Below another structure

Superior

Above another structure

Medial

Pertaining to middle

Lateral

Pertaining to side

Supine

Lying on back

Prone

Lying on belly

Frontal (coronal)

Vetical plane dividng body into anterior and posterior positions

Sagittal (lateral)

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing body into right and left sides

Transverse (cross-sectional/axial)

Plane running across body parallel to ground