Organization and Body System

Anatomy & Physiology

The study of the human body

Anatomy

is concerned with the structure of the part

Physiology

is concerned with the function of the part

Atom

Most simple: chemical element, compose all substances

Molecules

atoms joined together form ... (ex:amino acids)

Macromolecules

molecules joined together form ... (ex: protein)

Organelles

tiny structures fond in cells that perform cellular functions (mitochondria-power house of the cell)

Cells

macromolecules found in all ... ; basic unit of all living things

Tissue

composed of similar types of cells and performs a specific function (ex: muscle)

Organs

groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function (ex: heart)

Organ system

groups of organ that perform a particular function (ex: digestive system)

Organism

All the body systems make up ...

Unicellular Organism

made up of one cell

Multicellular Organism

made up of more than one cell

Homestasis

is the relative constancy of the body's internal environment

Internal condition

even when conditions change, the body's _____ stays with a narrow range

Negative Feedback

keeps a variable close to a particular value, or set point (ex:body temperature)

Positive Feedback

mechanism that brings about an ever greater change in the same direction (Childbirth)

11

___ organ systems in the body

4

Organ systems broken up into how many categories?

Integumentary System

skin, hair nails; it protects tissue, regulates body temp, and contains sense organs

Skeletal System

bones, cartilage, and ligaments; it protects body parts, produce blood cells, stores calcium, and phosphorus salts

Muscular System

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles; moves voluntarily, responds to stimuli, produces body heat

Nervous System

brain, spinal cord, and nerves; conducts nerve impulses from the sense organs to the brain and then to the muscles and glands

Endocrine System

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes; secretes chemicals that are messengers between body part, maintain proper functioning or reproductive system

Circulatory System

heart, blood, and vessels; transports nutrients and oxygen to cells through blood, removes waste

Immune System

lymph nodes, thymus, spleen; protects body from disease

Respiratory System

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs; brings oxygen into lungs and take carbon dioxide out of the lungs

Digestive System

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, rectum; receives food and digests into nutrient molecules

Urinary System

kidneys and urinary bladder; gets ride of nitrogenous wastes, helps regulate fluid level and chemical content of the blood

Reproductive System (male)

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis; produce sex cells

Reproductive System (female)

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina; produce sex cells, nourish and protect fetus