Sociology key thinkers ( Family )

Bott

Joint conjugal roles

Segregated conjugal roles

Young and willmott

The symmetrical family

Parsons

Instrumental role

Expressive role

Boulton

Fewer than 20% of husbands have a major role in housework

Oakley

The idea of symmetry is over exaggerated. The house wife role has become a dominant one for many married women.

Gurshuny

Women who work full time carry out less domestic labour.

Ferri and Smith

Duel burden

Hochschild

When women are in paid employment they are more likely to be carrying out emotional labour.

Pharl and Vogler

Financial arrangements.

Edgell

Types of decision making

Mirrlees Black

1 in 4 women will be assaulted by a partner.

Aries

There once was no childhood

Shorter

High infant mortality meant people were often indifferent towards children in the past.

Hillman

Boys are more likely to be able to cross the road and play in a wider area.

Holt

Children are oppressed by things that are seemingly put in place for their benefit.

Cunningham

The area in which children are allowed to play has shrunk to 1/9th of the size it was 25 years ago.

Gittins

Age patriarchy.

Postman

Childhood is disappearing.

Opie and opie

Childhood is not disappearing there is a separate culture for children.

Palmer

Toxic childhood.

Murdock

Four functions of the family.

Parsons

Two functions of the family.

Engels

Monogamy has become essential in a capitalist society as it allows private property to be kept within the family.

Zaretsky

The family is a haven from the harsh realities of capitalism. This allows men to keep on working for the bourgeoisie.

Ansley

Takers of shit

Greer

The creation of matrilocal families could be an alternative to the patriarchal family.

Somerville

Women's position has changed but full equality has not been met.

McKeown

Improved nutrition accounted for at least half of the reduction in death rates.

Hirsch

The traditional age pyramid is is disappearing in the favour of more equal numbers in each age group.

Townsend

Old age is socially constructed and this is results in poor attitudes to the elderly.

Mitchell and Goody

He stigma attached to divorce has rapidly declined.

Fletcher

People have high expectations for marriage which results in divorce.

Allan and Crow

Couples no longer have financial dependencies so divorce is easier.

Chester

Cohabitation is a steppingstone to marriage.

Stein

Many people are opting to live alone.

Smith

Step families have many of the same aspects as nuclear families.

Amato

Children of single parents are more likely to live in poverty.

Chester

Neo conventional family.

Stacey

Divorce extended family.

Weeks

Greater acceptance of family diversity.

Fletcher

The introduction of welfare has helped the family to preform its functions better.

Murray

The welfare state offers perverse incentives for families not to work, they become a drain on society.

Land

Social polices assume the ideal family is a nuclear one.

Leonard

Social polices in force gender stereotypes.

Donzelot

The state has many ways of monitoring the family and family members and this could be viewed as a way of policing the family.