Sensory and Skin Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards for Sensory and Skin Disorders

Meningitis Pathophysiology

Inflammation of meninges ⇒ purulent exudate ⇒ ↑ICP; may affect cranial nerves

Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus

Direct contact, fluid, droplets.

Pathophysiology of Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Reactivated varicella (chickenpox).

Glaucoma

Progressive optic-nerve damage from ↑IOP (> 21 mm Hg) → peripheral ➜ central loss

Cataracts

Lens opacity ⇒ gradual, painless blurred vision, halos, absent red reflex

Glaucoma Types

POAG (open-angle): gradual ↑IOP, halos, ↓accommodation; bilateral. AACG (angle-closure): sudden ↑IOP ≥ 30 mm Hg, severe eye pain, N/V; emergency

First Line Drugs for Glaucoma

Timolol (β-blocker); also miotics (pilocarpine), adrenergic agonists (brimonidine), CAIs (acetazolamide)

Glaucoma Post-Procedure / Chronic Teaching

Lifelong drops, routine exams, avoid IOP-raising actions (bending, straining, coughing)

Tinea Infections Care

Keep skin dry, topical azoles/terbinafine; severe → oral antifungals; teach not to share towels/socks

Signs and Symptoms of Cellulitis

Red, warm, swollen, tender skin; fever, lymph node swelling

Cellulitis Interventions

Elevate limb, systemic antibiotics; mark borders to monitor spread; possible debridement

Early ↑ICP

Restlessness, irritability, ↓LOC, pupil change

Glasgow Coma Scale

≤ 8 = severe injury, intubate; 9-12 = moderate; 13-15 = mild

Hallmark Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis

severe HA, fever, photophobia, petechiae, nuchal rigidity, +Kernig & +Brudzinski, N/V, altered LOC

Meningitis Care

IV antibiotics, antipyretics, corticosteroids, codeine for pain, dark/quiet room, cooling blanket PRN, droplet isolation (bacterial)

Macular Degeneration Risk Factors

age, smoking, HTN, low antioxidants, female, diabetes

Macular Degeneration Signs and Symptoms

distorted objects, blurred/double vision, central dark spot

Herpes Simplex Virus Prodrome

burning/tingling → vesicles; contagious until crusted

Status epilepticus Emergency Care

IV diazepam/lorazepam & airway support

Cataracts Etiologies

aging, UV/trauma, DM, steroids