Chapter 1-4: Acceleration due to Gravity, Force, Laws of Motion, Energy, Work, and Powerork a

ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY

Aristotle

According to him, the heavier object fall faster than light objects in proportion to their weight. Objects fell to the ground because they wanted to return to their beginnings where they could be with other like objects.

Aristotle

According to him, the velocity of a body is INVERSELY proportional to the time it covers to travel certain weight.

Gallileo Galilei

According to him, if two objects of different weight are dropped from a height, both will hit the ground at the same time.

Vertical Motion

The concept of this is that no matter what the mass of the object is, as long as air resistance can be ignored, the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects at the same location on earth.

Acceleration due to gravity

It is represented by the symbol g.

Acceleration due to gravity

A vector quantity that both have magnitude and direction.

positive velocity

The direction up in gravity acceleration is equal to?

negative velocity

The direction down in gravity acceleration is equal to?

-9.80 m/s²

It is the equivalent of acceleration due to gravity on Earth.

initial velocity, final velocity, gravity acceleration, displacement, time interval

List all the meaning of each symbol.

Final velocity

This formula is for

Final velocity

This formula is used when time is unknown. This formula is for?

displacement

This formula is for?

TYPES OF FORCE

Sir Isaac Newton

He studied the cause of acceleration. He formulated the Three Laws of Motion.

Force

• natural phenomenon

• can be defined as push or pull

• can be strong, moderate, weak

• occurs when one subject touches one another.

Force

An example of this: coin flip. coin pushes downward on the hand.

Types of Forces

It includes:

1. Applied Force

2. Contact Force

3. Gravitational Force

4. Magnetic Force

5. Air Resistance Force

6. Tension Force

7. Electrical Force

8. Frictional Force

Applied Force

It is force exerted on an object by a person of another subject.

Contact Force

It is a type of force that require physical contact between the interacting object.

Gravitational Force

It is an attractive force exerted by a massive object like the Earth or Moon on another object towards itself.

Magnetic Force

It is opposite/attractive force whether it has the different poles = attract, same poles = repel. It acts on moving charges or magnetic materials.

Air Resistance Force

It is force that opposes the motion of an object through air.

Tension Force

It is the pulling force transmitted by means of a string, cable, etc.

Electrical Force

It is a non-contact interaction that has push or pull force between charged particles. It has an involvement of magnetic particles: positive and negative.

Frictional Force

It is the resistive force that must be overcome to equals relative motion.

Three Laws of Motion

1. Law of Inertia

2. Force = Mass x Acceleration

3. Action and Reaction

Law of Inertia

An object stays still if it is at rest, but an object in motion will be in motion unless an external force stops it. Example of this is a soccer ball running through a field in motion. Due to the friction of the grass, its motion is slows.

Force = Mass x Acceleration

• The force on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

• F = ma

  • F = net force

  • m = mass

  • a = acceleration

• This explains why massive objects require greater force to achieve the same acceleration of smaller objects.

Action and Reaction

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Force always occurs in pairs.

WORK AND ENERGY

Energy

• It is important for us to do work

• The work you do is dependent on the amount of this you have

• We need more of this to compensate for the work we need to do

Work amount

More energy means more?

Work

It is the product of force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction of the force.

W=Fd

Work formula wherein W = work, F = force applied, d = distance object travels

Work

It is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.

Joule

It is the SI Unit of Work.

Newton

It is the SI Unit of Force.I

Meter

It is the SI unit of distance.

When object moves and it covers distance.

When does work happen?

POWER

Moving objects

It possess momentum and energy.

Energy

All objects regardless of their state of motion whether rest or moving possess a certain amount of ______.

Energy

It can be transformed from one form to another. In such transformations, it is still conserved.

Mechanical Energy

It is energy acquired by objects upon which work is done.

Potential, Kinetic

It is the 2 forms of Mechanical Energy.

Potential Energy

It is the energy possessed by objects at rest.

Gravitational Potential Energy, Elastic Potential Energy

2 kinds of potential energy

Gravitational potential energy

Energy possessed by an object because of its location or position.

Elastic Potential Energy

It is energy stored in a stretched or compressed elastic material such as spring.

Kinetic Energy

It is energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion.

Kinetic Energy

Examples of this are: a bullet in motion, rock falling off of a cliff.

Law of Conservation of Energy

It means energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another.

Mechanical Energy

It is equal to the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.

ME = PE + KE

Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

It states that in the absence of forces, the total amount of mechanical energy in a close system remains constant. It will not stop or accelerate unless external force acts upon it.

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy an object posseses because of its position in a gravitational field.

Gravitational Potential Energy

This formula is for?

Kinetic Energy

This formula is for?

An object moves in the direction of the applied force

Work is said to be done when

0 Joule

Work done when a wall is pushed but does not move

Power

It is equal to work divided by time

Watt

It is the SI unit of power

Mass and height

Factors affecting potential energy

Chemical energy to kinetic energy

What energy transformation happens in a moving car

Kinetic energy quadruples

Effect on kinetic energy when speed is doubled

perpendicular

Work is zero when Force is ________ to displacement.