DEFINING PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

Prenatal Development is the gestation that takes place in three stages:

Germinal, embryonic, fetal

period of development between conception and birth

Gestation

age of an unborn baby dated from the first day of an expectant mother’s last menstrual cycle

Gestational Age

1. dictates that development proceeds from the head to the lower part of the trunk

2. dictates that parts of the body near the center develop before the extremities

1. Cephalocaudal

2. Proximodistal

STAGES OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

1. (fertilization to 2 weeks)

2. (2 to 8 Weeks)

3. (8 Weeks to Birth)

1. Germinal Stage

2. Embroyonic

3. Fetal

At the ______ hour of fertilization, the zygote enters a period of rapid cell division and duplication (mitosis)

A. 24
B. 16
C. 32
D. 36

D.

1. allows oxygen, nourishment, and wastes to pass between mother and embryo

2. fluid-filled membrane that encases the developing embryo

3. fluid-filled sphere, which floats freely in the uterus

4. connects a developing fetus to the placenta, allowing for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the fetus and the mother

5. thickened cell mass from which the embryo begins to develop

6. attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall

A. Blastocyst

B. Embryonic Disk

C. Placenta

D. Implantation

E. Amniotic Sac

F. Umbilical Cord

1. C.

2. E.

3. A.

4. F.

5. B.

6. D.

Blastocyst

1. inner layer of cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory systems

2. outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts

3. middle layer, which will become the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system

1. Endoderm

2. Ectoderm

3. Mesoderm

1. organs and major body systems (respiratory, digestive, and nervous) develop rapidly

2. natural expulsion from the uterus of an embryo that cannot survive outside the womb (miscarriage); often occurs during the first trimester

3. miscarriage that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation

Organogenesis

Assessment techniques

1. Uses a powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organs and structures

2. High-frequency sound waves are directed into the pregnant woman’s abdomen

3. Small sample of the placenta is removed and tested Brings a small risk of limb deformity

4. Sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn by syringe Brings a small risk of miscarriage

5. Measures three substances in the mother’s blood

6. Tiny viewing scope is inserted in woman’s abdomen to view embryo or fetus. Has most risk

7. Needle guided by ultrasound is inserted into blood vessels of umbilical cord. Brings small risk of fetal loss or miscarriage

A. Amnionecis

B. Chronic Villus Sampling

C. Ultrasound

D. Embryoscopy

E. Brain Imaging techniques

F. Umbillical Cord Sampling

G. Maternal Blood Screening

1. E.

2. C.

3. B.

4. A.

5. G.

6. D.

7. F.

1. act or process of giving birth that typically begins about 2 weeks before delivery

2. false contractions that last for 2 minutes and occur during the final months of pregnancy, or even as early as the second trimester

Hint: Part___; Brax___-H___

1. Parturition

2. Braxton-hicks contractions

involves infants being carried, usually by the mother, with skin-to-skin contact; intended for low-birth-weight and preterm infants

Kangaroo Care

formation of a close connection between parents and their newborn in the period shortly after birth

Bonding

1. Involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs about four weeks after delivery

2. feelings of depression, anxiousness, and upset after birth; usually go away after one or two weeks

1. Postpartum blues depression

2. Postpartum blues