Atomic Structure Test
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33 Terms
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that retains the element's properties.
Isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Atomic number
The number of protons in an atom.
Mass number
The total number of protons + neutrons.
Atomic mass
The weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes.
Atomic mass unit; the unit used to measure atomic-scale mass.
What is an AMU?
Positive
What is the charge of a proton?
Neutral; nothing
What is the charge of a neutron?
Negative
What is the charge of a neutron?
In the nucleus
Where are protons located?
In the nucleus
Where are neutrons located?
Surrounding the nucleus
Where are electrons located?
1 amu
What is the approximate mass of a proton?
1 amu
What is the approximate mass of a neutron?
1/1840 amu
What is the approximate mass of an electron?
The element
What does the atomic number identify?
Protons + neutrons
What does the mass number represent?
Isotope mass × decimal abundance, then add all products.
How do you calculate average atomic mass?
John Dolton
Who proposed the first modern atomic theory?
All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
What is Dalton's first atomic theory statement?
Atoms of the same element are identical in their properties.
What is Dalton's second atomic theory statement?
Atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds.
What is Dalton's third atomic theory statement?
Chemical reactions seperate, join, or rearrange atoms, they cannot change into another element
What is Dalton's fourth atomic theory statement?
Matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atomos.
What did Democritus propose?
J. J. Thomson; with cathode ray tubes
Who discovered the electron?
The plum pudding model.
What atomic model did Thomson propose?
Ernest Rutherford via gold foil experiment
Who discovered the nucleus?
James Chadwick
Who confirmed the neutron?
Robert Millikan
Who performed the oil-drop experiment?
The charge of the electron
What did Millikan's oil-drop experiment determine?
The number of neutrons.
What is an isotope's difference from another isotope?
Subtract value from atomic number
Positive charge
Add value to atomic number
Negative Charge