Signal Transduction Pathway and Plant Hormones

Flashcards covering key concepts related to signal transduction pathways and plant hormones.

Signal Transduction Pathway

Sequence of biochemical processes by which an extracellular signal interacts with a receptor.

Secondary Messenger

Small intracellular molecules whose concentration changes in response to an external signal, such as Ca2+, cyclic AMP, or cyclic GMP.

Non-cell Autonomous Response

A response where the signal reception occurs in one cell and the response occurs in other cells.

Cell Autonomous Response

A response where both the signal reception and response occur within the same cell.

MAPK

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, a key player in the signaling cascades that modulate various cellular responses.

Auxin

First discovered plant hormone that promotes stem elongation, apical dominance, and other developmental processes.

Gibberellins

Plant hormones that promote stem elongation, pollen development, and play roles in seed germination and fruit growth.

Cytokinins

Plant hormones that promote cell division and shoot growth while inhibiting root growth.

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Stress-response hormone that inhibits growth and seed germination, and signals stomatal closure during stress.

Ethylene

Gaseous hormone involved in fruit ripening, leaf senescence, and root formation.

Jasmonic Acid (JA)

Plant hormone involved in defense responses against herbivores and stress.

Phototropism

Growth of plants toward light, influenced by the distribution of auxins on the shaded side of the plant.

Gravitropism

Growth of plant roots downward in response to gravity, involving statoliths and auxin redistribution.

SCF Complex

S-phase kinase-associated protein1/Cullin/F-box complex that facilitates degradation of AUX/IAA repressors in auxin signaling.

Brassinosteroids

A class of plant hormones that promote cell expansion and division, and inhibit photomorphogenesis.

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced in one cell that travel to target cells, modulating various cellular processes.