Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Anatomy and Physiology lectures to aid in exam preparation.

Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain internal equilibrium.

Thoracic cavity

The chamber of the body that contains the lungs.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The organelle responsible for producing new membrane for the cell.

Cilia

Hairlike structures found on the surface of a cell.

Control center

The part of the feedback loop that compares present condition to the condition the body is trying to maintain.

Positive feedback loop

A mechanism that temporarily amplifies a change occurring in the body or internal environment.

Meiosis

Cell division that occurs only in sex cells.

Abdominopelvic region

Includes the umbilical region, stomach, and right and left lumbar regions.

Plasma membrane

Consists of a phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycolipids, and glycoproteins.

Peripheral nervous system

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and cranial nerves.

Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of cells.

Neoplasm

A result of losing control over cell reproduction, leading to abnormal growth.

Metastasis

When cancerous cells or tumors spread to other parts of the body.

Endocrine glands

Include the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and pineal.

Lysosomes

Known as the 'digestive bags' of a cell.

Peroxisome

An organelle that detoxifies toxic substances.

Centrioles

Composed of microtubules, play an important role in cell division.

Appendicular skeleton

Consists of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and pelvic girdle.

Axial region

Includes the head, neck, and trunk.

Ribosomes

Manufacture proteins under the direction of DNA.

Necrosis

Unprogrammed cell death.

Hypertonic solution

A solution that has a higher concentration of salt than inside the cell.

Filtration

The movement of water and solutes through a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure.

Popliteal

Refers to the back of the knee.

Hematopoietic tissue

Includes red bone marrow and lymphoid tissue.

Interphase

The resting phase of mitotic cell division when a cell performs normal metabolic functions.

Prophase

The phase of mitosis where chromatin becomes organized.

Diffusion

The process of gaseous exchange across a cell membrane.

Midsagittal plane

Divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Connective tissue

Tissue that includes blood and supports various body structures.

Simple columnar epithelium

Lines the inner surface of the stomach and intestines.

Simple squamous epithelium

Tissue that makes up alveoli of the lungs.

Nervous tissue

Allows communication between various parts of the body.

Intercellular matrix

Cells embedded in a substance that provides support and structure.

DNA pairing rule

Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Anatomy

The study of body parts of an organism, their relationships, and functions.

Physiology

The scientific study of bodily functions.

Pathology

The scientific study of disease.

Metabolism

Processes required by an organism to grow, maintain, and reproduce.

Distal

The directional term for farthest from or away from the trunk of the body.

Dorsal

Another term that can be used in place of posterior.

Supine position

An anatomical position that refers to lying on the back.