Copy of Topic 12 Review

dawg i’m so cooked the test is tmr and i’m making flashcards rn at 12 am

Self determination

The principle allowing a group to form an independent state and choose its government, supported by democratic states during the Cold War.

Iron Curtain

Symbolic term for the division of Europe between communist east and capitalist west during the Cold War.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. policy to contain communism within existing boundaries through military and economic aid.

Policy of Containment

Strategy to prevent the spread of an idea or movement, like communism, beyond its current boundaries.

Marshall Plan

U.S. economic aid program to rebuild postwar Europe and strengthen economies to prevent communist influence.

Comecon

Soviet response to the Marshall Plan, aimed at promoting economic development in Eastern European countries.

Berlin Airlift

Massive Western effort to supply West Berlin during the Soviet blockade from 1948 to 1949.

Berlin Blockade

Soviet blockage of West Berlin from West Germany to cut off Western influence, leading to the Berlin Airlift.

NATO

Military alliance formed in 1949 to protect member countries, with an attack on one member considered an attack on all.

Warsaw Pact

Collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and Eastern European satellite states to counter NATO.

Satellite States

Countries formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military influence from another nation.

Arms Race

Competition between superpowers to develop and stockpile advanced weapons technology, notably nuclear arms.

Space Race

Cold War competition between the U.S. and USSR for advancements in space exploration and technology.

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet leader succeeding Stalin, known for actions like the Berlin Wall construction and Cuban Missile Crisis.

Berlin Wall

Physical barrier erected by East Germany to prevent citizens from fleeing to West Germany, symbolizing Cold War division.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Standoff between U.S. and USSR over nuclear missiles in Cuba, averted through diplomatic negotiations.

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese revolutionary instrumental in overthrowing the Qing dynasty and founding the Republic of China.

Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist leader in China who fled to Taiwan after defeat by Mao Zedong's communist forces.

Nationalist

One identifying with a group or nation based on various factors like ethnicity or religion.

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader who led the Long March and eventually defeated Chiang Kai-shek's nationalists.

Long March

Communist retreat led by Mao Zedong to escape nationalist forces and regroup in northern China.

Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong's economic plan for industrialization and collectivization, modeled after the Soviet Union.

Collectivization

Policy of combining small farms into larger, government-owned farms to increase production and promote equality.

Cultural Revolution

Mao Zedong's movement to revitalize communist ideals by removing old ideas and promoting revolutionary enthusiasm.

Red Guards

Young supporters recruited by Mao Zedong to aid in the Cultural Revolution by destroying symbols of the old society.

Little Red Book

Collection of Mao Zedong's sayings considered a vital source of knowledge during the Cultural Revolution.

Deng Xiaoping

Chinese leader who focused on economic reforms after Mao's death, ending the Cultural Revolution and improving relations with the West.

Charles de Gaulle

French leader focused on rebuilding and economic growth post-WWII, investing in nuclear programs and industrial development.

Francois Mitterand

French president who emphasized workers' rights, hours, and wages during his tenure.

Welfare State

System where the government provides basic services like healthcare, seen in countries like the UK, Canada, and Japan.

Margaret Thatcher

First female British Prime Minister known for privatization, limiting social welfare, and reducing union power.

Konrad Adenauer

German Chancellor who modernized and rebuilt West Germany post-WWII, leading to its economic miracle in the

European Economic Community

Formed in 1957 by France, West Germany, Benelux, and Italy to create a free-trade area with no tariffs among members.

John F

U.S. President who ordered the Bay of Pigs invasion, sent military advisers to South Vietnam, and faced the Cuban missile crisis.

Lyndon Johnson

Succeeded JFK, sent troops to Vietnam, passed Civil Rights Act, but faced anti-war protests and division.

Richard Nixon

U.S. President who withdrew troops from Vietnam, improved relations with China, but resigned due to Watergate Scandal.

Consumer Society

Society where buying and selling goods is central, exemplified by the rise of the car culture in the 1950s.

Women's Liberation Movement

Movement for women's rights and equality, part of the second wave of feminism in the 1960s and '70s.

de-Stalinization

Process to end forced labor and free Gulag prisoners after Stalin's death in 1953.

Détente

Improved relations between countries with a history of mistrust, like the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

Agreements between the U.S. and Soviet Union to reduce long-range ballistic missiles.

Asian Tigers

South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, rapidly growing economies due to capitalist policies.

Proxy Wars

Indirect conflicts between superpowers, like the Korean and Vietnam Wars during the Cold War.

Korean War

Conflict between North and South Korea, involving the U.S., China, and the Soviet Union.

38th Parallel

Original dividing line between North and South Korea, reestablished after the Korean War.

Imre Nagy

Hungarian statesman who led the 1956 revolution against Soviet influence.

Alexander Dubcek

Czechoslovakian leader whose reforms led to the Soviet invasion in 1968.

Vietnam War

Conflict in Vietnam involving the U.S. supporting the South against the North.

Ho Chi Minh

Leader of North Vietnam and a key figure in the anti-colonial movement in Asia.

Ngo Dinh Diem

South Vietnamese president whose rule faced opposition and led to increased communist influence.

Perestroika

Soviet reform under Gorbachev to restructure the economy towards capitalism.

Glasnost

Gorbachev's policy of openness, allowing freedom of speech and transparency.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Last premier of the Soviet Union, known for reforms that led to the USSR's collapse.

Ronald Reagan

U.S. President known for conservative policies and contributing to the end of Soviet communism.

Intermediate INF Treaty

1987 treaty between the U.S. and Soviet Union to reduce nuclear arms.

Strategic Defense Initiative

Reagan's proposed U.S. defense system against nuclear attacks, known as "Star Wars."

Lech Walesa

Leader of the Solidarity movement in Poland, later elected president after the country broke away from the Soviet Union.

Vaclav Havel

Czech playwright, poet, and political dissident who became president of Czechoslovakia (1989–92) and of the Czech Republic (1993–2003) after leading the Civic Forum during the Velvet Revolution.

Nicolae Ceausescu

Communist leader of Romania from 1965 until his overthrow and death in 1989, known for his oppressive regime, strict controls over free speech, and the outlawing of contraception and abortion.

Fall of the USSR

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 due to economic inefficiency, involvement in costly proxy wars, and the desire for independence from Soviet control by various countries, leading to the independence of 15 former Soviet states and the Eastern Bloc.

Paris Peace Accords

Signed in 1973 to end the Vietnam War, involving the United States, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam, marking the end of direct combat involvement of the United States in the conflict.