Philosophy

Our brains are divided into two parts — our automatic thinking and our controlled thinking. Our automatic thinking represents: (select one)

Emotional and intuitive processes

Which of the following are examples of automatic thinking?

Laughing when you hear a funny joke and remembering your best friend’s name

According to cognitive psychology, which tends to come first, our intuitions, or our reasoning?

Intuitions

The tendency to embrace information that aligns with our beliefs and reject information that contradicts them is called

Confirmation bias.

Which of the following are examples of in-group/out-group bias?

In-group/out-group bias refers to the phenomenon where individuals favor members of their own group over those in other groups. This can manifest as preferential treatment, positive stereotyping, or discriminatory behavior toward out-group members.

The Perception Gap is the difference between your perception of what other groups believe, and what they actually believe. From the options below, select the two main reasons people experience the perception gap.

Echo chambers and extreme views are the loudest

When you catch yourself quickly dismissing a belief or perspective that conflicts with your own, what’s a question you can ask yourself that helps to combat cognitive biases?

Why would a smart reasonable person see this differently?

According to psychology research, we all have six moral foundations, but we develop specific preferences that are influenced by: (select the best answer from the list below.)

The culture we were raised in, our upbringing, and our unique life experiences

Jackie: “I think people coming into this country stretch our resources thin, and we need to put the needs of people who are already part of our community first. People should follow the rules, anyway. If the law says don't enter, you shouldn’t enter.”

Loyalty and authority

Van: “People coming into this country need our help. I think they should be free to come in and create a life for themselves, and contribute to the greatness of this country.”

Care and Liberty

Which of the following is a way to help bridge the moral empathy gap when you encounter a belief or perspective that is different from yours?

Ask yourself, "what are the values underlying this person's view?"

Psychologists call the tendency to think we know more than we actually do about something we are familiar with:

illusion of explanatory depth

When used in conversations about controversial subjects, stories should be:

To the point

Research tells us that focusing only on logic and facts has the potential to: (select all that apply)

Cause defensiveness in others and cause others to double down on their belief

When responding to stories, it’s helpful to: (Select all that apply)

Acknowledge what you heard and ask follow up questions

Asking questions is a powerful way to respond when you disagree. Read the scenario below and consider what questions each person could ask in response to one another.
Jordan: “We need big changes fast—like banning gas cars. That’s the only way we’ll save the planet.”
Mia: “That kind of extreme policy just hurts regular people. We need more realistic steps.”

"It sounds like acting quickly is really important to you, is that right?" "It sounds like you believe bold action is the only way to make progress, is that right?"

Asking questions is a powerful way to respond when you disagree. Read the scenario below and consider what questions each person could ask in response to one another. Jordan: “We need big changes fast—like banning gas cars. That’s the only way we’ll save the planet.”
Mia: “That kind of extreme policy just hurts regular people. We need more realistic steps.”

What could Jordan ask Mia? (Select all that apply.)

"It sounds like you're focused on protecting everyday people from harsh changes, is that right?" "Are you saying it's important to make change slowly and carefully?"

What is one way to embody the technique “break free of boxes”? Select all that apply.

figure out a shared experience, ask them questions about what they care about most, figure out if you agree on anything

The technique of “finding agreement within the disagreement” means:

Find something that you agree on within the issue at hand

In the Parable of the Orange, what is the moral of the story?

Both/and thinking can lead to everyone getting what they want in an argument

Both/and thinking can lead to solutions that satisfy everyone involved. Read the argument below and consider both/and solutions.
Lena wants to organize a big outdoor concert to build community in her neighborhood. Raj is concerned it will be too loud and disruptive.

Which of the following best captures both/and thinking?

Host the concert earlier in the day so peoples' sleep isn't disturbed

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of contact theory?

Planning a community service project with people from different backgrounds