Fallacies review terms

post hoc ergo propter hoc - (False Cause) fallacy

Inferring a casual link between two events when no such casual connection has been established

many questions fallacy

(complex question) is a question that has a presupposition that is complex.

False Analogy fallacy

an elaborate comparison of two things that are too dissimilar

Special Pleading fallacy

(stacking the deck) promoting arguments that favor only one side while rejecting (or avoiding the mention of) arguments for another point of view

Begging the Question fallacy

asks the reader to simply accept the conclusion without providing real evidence; the argument either relies on a premise that says the same thing as the conclusion, or simply ignores an important assumption that the argument rests on

False Dichotomy fallacy

(false dilemma; either-or-fallacy) discusses an issue as if there are only two alternatives available

Oversimplification fallacy

reducing a complex issue down to simple terms

Hasty Generalization fallacy

(stereotyping) reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence

The Slippery Slope fallacy

states that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect.

Straw Man Fallacy

A fallacy in which an opponent's argument is overstated or misrepresented in order to be attacked or refuted

Red Herring fallacy

an irrelevant argument which diverts the original argument

Fallacies of Presumption

the fallacy involves making false or unclear presumption and/or conclusions.

Appeal of ignorance

a proposition is true simply on the basis that it has not been proved false or that it is false simply because it has not been proved true

Appeal to Authority

it is argued that a statement is correct because the statement is made by a person or source that is commonly regarded as authoritative.

Appeal to fear

a person attempts to create support for an idea by using deception and propaganda in attempts to increase fear and prejudice toward a competitor

death by a thousand qualifications

results when a term is used to define something but then there are so many implicit qualifications to the definition as to render the original term meaningless