Viruses

nucleic acid (viral genome)

double or single stranded RNA or DNA

prophage

viral genome integrated into bacterial genome

provirus

viral genome integrated into eukaryotic genome

capsid

protein coat enclosing and protecting nucleic acid

viral envelope

outer membrane layer

composed of host cell membranes and other membrane proteins and viral glycoproteins

attachment

attachment between host cell and specific viral surface

entry

• bacteriophage: inject genome into bacterial host using protein tail

• enveloped viruses will fuse their viral envelopes with host membrane 

• other viruses taken in via endocytosis

uncaring

• once inside host, viral genome is exposed via breakdown of viral capsid

synthesis/replication

virus replicates its genome and viral protein —> requires a host nucleotides enzymes and ribosomes 

self-assembly

viral components spontaneously assemble into new complete viral particles valled visions

release 

where viral shedding allows newly replicated viral particles to leave host (via budding, apoptosis, exocytosis) 

Lytic cycle

bacteriphage infects and injects genome into hostel, then transcribes it into viral particles that are assembled into new viruses —> host cell bursts and is destroyed while virus replicates and attacks other cells 

• active process where phage replicates in host cell 

Lysogenic cycle

passive process as bacteriophage is not actively creating new particles

but every time host cell replicates, the viral genome replicates as well