N307 - Prequiz review

ACE (Angiotensin converting enzyme) INHIBITORS

• Captpril

• Enalapril

• Fosinopril

• Lisinopril

pril is for

ace inhibitors

Ace inhibitors MOA

prevent angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 —> leads to vasodilation

ACE inhibitor SE

• COUGH (bradykin)

• Hypotension

• Angioedema

ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor blockers)

Prevent angiotensin 2 binding → preventing signal to narrow vessels

Aldosterone is a powerful….

vasoconstrictor

ARB ends in

tan

ARB examples

• Ibersartan

• Losartan

• Valsartan

ARB SE

• dizziness

• headaches

• fatigue

• diarrhea

• high potassium levels

beta blockers MOA

bind to beta andrengenic receptors on cell surface —> preventing aderlanin and noradrelinin

• B1

• B2

Beta blockers end in…

LOL

B1 receptors are located…

in the heart

B2 receptors are located

• blood vessels

• lungs

• other organs

Selective B1 blocker includes…

Metorolol

Nonselective B1 blocker includes…

Propanlolol

Beta blocker examples

• atenalol

• labetalol

• craveidol

beta blocker SE

• bradycardia (slow HR)

• hypotension

• dizziness

• fatigue

• cold hands and feet

• difficulty sleeping

• nightmare

• sexual dysfunciton

CCB MOA

inhibit influx of calcium ions in the heart and blood vessels

• bind to calcium channels in cell membrane

• prevent calcium ions from entering cells → reducing HR

• improve blood flow to heart

Which drug class alleviates angina

• IS CHEST PAIN

• CCB

CCB ends in

• pine

verapramil is a 

CCB

CCB SE

• constipation

• peripheral edema

• bradycardia

• hypotension

• fatigue

• flushing

• dizziness

Andrenergic MOA

block A1 andregenic receptors preventing release of adrenalin

• treat hypertension

andrenergic SE

• orethostatic hypotension

• dizziness

• lightheadedness

• Nasal congestion

Andrenergic drugs end in…

• SIN

Andrenergic ex

• doxazosin

• prazosin

• tamsulozin

• terazosin

Selective aldosterion receptor (SARA) ex

• eplernone

• spironolactone (non selective)

SARA SE

• dizziness

• insomnia

• headaches

• cough

• nausea

• vomitting

Sinal artial nodule modulators (SA)

• control HR and rythm

SA SE

• bradycardia

• hypotension

SA EX

• ivabradine

SA drugs end in…

• INE

HF drugs include

• ACEIs

• ABRs

• Beta blockers

Cardical glycosides ex

digioxin

Cardical glycosides MOA

• increase myocardial infarction force

• treats fibrilation

Cardical glycosides SE

• bradycardia

• hypokalemia

• cardiac arrhythmias

• cardiac arrest (with toxicity - hyperkalemia)

Vasodilators ex (combination drug)

• hydralazine

• isosobide

Vasodilators SE

• headache

• dizziness

• hypotension

Vasodilators is approved mainly for what group

blacks

Angiotensin receptor - nepralysin inhibitors (ARNi)

• ARB receptor blocker AND nepralysin inhibitor

What drugs should pregnant women avoid?

• ARNi

• Angiotensin receptor - nepralysin inhibitors

Diuretic MOA

• remove excess fluid

Diuretic EX

• Carbonic anhydrase

• osmotic diuretics

• loop diuretic

• thiazide

• thiazide - like

• potassium sparing

loop diuretic

reduce sodium chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle

Loop diuretic ex

• furosemide

  • lasix

• bumetanide

Loop diuretic SE

• hypokalemia

  • potassium

• hyponatremia

  • sodium

• hypochloremia

  • chloride

• hypomagnesemia

  • magnesium

thiazide/thiazide like: MOA

inhibit reabsorption of chloride in DISTAL tubule of kidneys

increased sodium and water excretion

thiazide diuretic ex

• hydrochlorothiazide

thiazide diuretic SE

• hypokalemia

• hyponatremia

• hypercalcemia

• hyperglycemia

• hyperuricima

potassium sparing

• prevent excretion of potassium WHILE excreting sodium

potassium sparing ex

• spironolactone

potassium sparing SE

• hyperkalemia

• palpations

• muscle pain

• arrythmias

• muscle weakness

• numbness

Nitrates purpose

dilates blood vessels reducing BP and increasing blood flow

Nitrates MOA

binds to nitrate enzymes

Nitrate SE

• headache

• flushing

• hypotension

Nitrate ex

• nitroglycerin

• isosorbide mononitrate

• isosorbide dinitrate

coagulation modifyer drugs ex

• heparin

• warafin

• enoxaprin

Thrombolytics

• dissolve existing clots

Thrombolytics ex

• alteplase

• retelpase

antilipemic statins MOA

• lower LDL cholesterol in the liver

antilipemic ends in

statin

antilipemic ex

• atorvastatin

• fluvastatin

• lovastatin

• pravastatin

• rosuvastatin

antilipemic SE

• muscle pain

• liver damage

• digestive issues

grapefruit should be avoided with which drugs

antilipemic

bile acid sequestrants MOA

• bind to bile acids → lowering cholesterol levels

bile acid sequestrants ex

• sequestrant

bile acid sequestrants SE

• GI issues

• constipation

• bloating

• gas

Fibrates MOA

• lower triglycerides 

• moderately increase HDL cholesterol (good)

Fibrates ex

• gemfibrozil

Fibrates SE

• liver and muscle problems

• GI issues

• skin reactions 

sodium function

• fluid balance

• nerve fucntion

sodium imbalance consequences

• hyponatremia

• hypernatremia

potassium function

• heart rhythm

• muscle contraction

potassium imbalance consequences

• hypokalemia

• hyperkalmeia

calcium function

• bone health

• blood clotting

potassium imbalance consequence

• hypocalcemia

• hypercalcemia