structure of DNA and RNA - preIB bio 2024

sugar (deoxyribose)

together with the phosphate molecules make the backbone of DNA (pentagon shaped)

phosphate group

together with the sugar it makes the backbone of DNA (circular shaped)

base (nitrogen-containing)

one of the four different bases. the order of these bases on the DNA makes the genetic code. (rectangular shaped)

A

adenine - the base that pairs with thymine in DNA

T

thymine - the base that pairs with adenine in DNA

C

cytosis - the base that pairs with guanine in DNA

G

guanine - the base that pairs with cytosis in DNA

hydrogen bond

the weakn bond that holds the two strands of dna together - the connection within the DNA diagram.

double helix

the name of the twisted shape of the DNA molecules, as it contains 2 strands. DNA contains double helix.

complementary base pairing

the specific pairing of bases in dna: A to T and C to G

covalent bonds

the strong bonds holding the base, sugar, and phosphate together.

polymer

refers to DNA and RNA which are both made from long chains of nucleotides

list down 3 differences between DNA and RNA

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA has ribose

DNA has base thymine, RNA has base uracil

anti-parallel strands

strands which run alongside one another, but one is upside down.