Changing Geography 1850-2009

how many black slaves were there in 1850

3\.2 million

in 1850, which states enslaved BA

southern states e.g. Maryland

what type of conflict developed in 1850s

sectional conflict- northern and southern states fought over geographical expansion of slavery

how many BA freed under Emancipation Proclaimation

3\.5 million

how much land did federal government promise to give to BA to assist them post civil war

44 million acres

amendments post civil war to assist BA

13th (1865)

14th (1868)

15th (1870)

why were BA unable to take advantage of 44 million acres

lacked money

white opposition in south

type of employment similar to slavery developed in south post civil war

sharecropping

by 1910 how many BA still lived in confederacy

89%

by 1877 how many BA moved to Cincinnati of which 70% moved from south

3700

from 1800-1900 what did NYC’s population increase to due to BA migration

65,000- 100,000

what city did BA from Alabama, Tennessee tend to to move from during slow drift

Chicago

what cities did BA from east coast gravitate to during slow drift

NYC, Philadelphia and Boston

in 1914- insect which damaged cotton crop causing slaves to move

boll weevil

which group in south racially intimidated BA

KKK

what did many BA view the north as contributing to slow drift

promised land

which newspaper advertised industrial jobs, contributing to BA movement north

Chicago Defender

how did family encourage slow drift

letters home told of freedom and economic prosperity of north

when did 1st Great Migration take place

1910-1930

during first great migration how many BA left south east

1\.6 million

during first great migration how much did black population increase by in northern cities

40%

during the first great migration which cities saw biggest increase in their population

Detroit, Chicago and NYC

how many BA left old south from 1916-18 to take advantage of jobs created by WW1

400,000

during first great migration how much higher were wages in north compared to south

$2.50

during first great migration which car companies recruited thousands of BA after economic boom

General Motors and Ford

during first great migration, who became first black congressman as BA could vote in north

De Priest

during first great migration, how many migrated due to boll weevil

500,000

during first great migration, what did value of cotton slump to in 1921

10 cents a pound

during first great migration, how did southern states prevent BA from voting

literacy tests, poll taxes and grandfather clauses

after second great migration how many BA remained in south

53%

during second great migration how many jobs were created by WW2?

17 million

during second great migration, how much did wages raise by during WW2?

30%

during second great migration, how many BA moved to LA showing a new path of migration

120,000

during second great migration, what did Chicago’s black population increase by from 1940-50?

250,000

during second great migration, which industries developed on pacific coast

aircraft and ship building

which regions went into decline causing the move back to the old south post 1945?

Rust Belt