Unit 5 Part 3 Vocab

Deinstitutionalization

the process, begun in the late twentieth century, of moving people with psychological disorders out of institutional facilities.

Psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques

Biomedical therapy

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.

Eclectic approach

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences

Resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden.

Interpretation

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in a effort to promote insight.

Transference

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

Person-centered therapy

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients growth.

Active listening

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification.

Behavior therapy

therapy that uses learning principles to reduce unwanted behaviors.

Counterconditioning

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

Exposure therapies

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people

Systematic desensitization

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Virtual reality exposure therapy

a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face specific fears, such as flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Aversive conditioning

associates an unpleasant state such as nausea with an unwanted behavior such as drinking.

Token economy

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for privileges or treats.

Cognitive therapy

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).

Group therapy

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.

Family therapy

therapy that treats people in the context of their family system.

Confirmation bias

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

Meta-analysis

a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion.

Evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and client characteristics and preferences.

Therapeutic alliance

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work

together constructively to overcome the client's problem.

Psychopharmacology

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Antipsychotic drugs

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders

Antianxiety drugs

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.

Antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive compulsive and related disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severe depression in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized person.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain

Psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior.

Lobotomy

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients

Hypnosis

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Dissociation

a split and consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Posthypnotic suggestion

a suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized

Posttraumatic growth

positive psychological changes following a struggle with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.