Forensic Science Review

Forensic Science Final Review Flashcards

The broadest definition of forensic science is to apply __ to law enforcement.

science

The public belief that every crime scene yields physical evidence is known as the __.

CSI Effect

__ is considered the father of toxicology.

Orfila

__ developed the first scientific system of personal identification called anthropometry.

Bertillon

__ conducted the first study of fingerprints and created a classification system for them.

Galton

Landsteiner and Lattes are known for their work with __.

blood groups

__ pioneered forensic ballistics and used the comparison microscope.

Goddard

__ is recognized as the father of questioned document examination.

Osborn

Locard's exchange principle states that EVERY TOUCH LEAVES A __.

TRACE

The __ deals with physics, chemistry, and geology in a crime lab.

Physical Science Unit

The __ examines bodily fluids and organs to determine the presence of poisons or drugs.

Toxicology Unit

__ evidence is a group of objects or persons with characteristic physical evidence common to it.

Class

__ evidence is unique and can be identified as originating with a particular person or source.

Individual

A __ collects and analyzes evidence from a crime scene using scientific training, experience, and skill.

criminalist

In federal trials, standards are used, while standards are used in state trials to determine the admissibility of scientific examinations.

Daubert, Frye

__ is when questioning about the crime when a person becomes a possible suspect.

Miranda

is are questions asked to see if expert witness is actually an expert!

Voir Dire

The first officer's priority at a crime scene is to give __ to individuals in need.

medical attention

Biological materials should be placed in __ bags.

paper

A __ sample is used to reference or compare evidence to.

standard/reference

The biology of the skin includes Epidermis at the surface and inner skin which is __ separated by dermal papillae.

dermis

Water, fatty acids, salts, and proteins (amino acids) are compounds in the __ composition of prints

chemical

__ prints are invisible prints that need a substance to make them visible

Latent

__ prints are indentations of fingerprints into a surface.

Plastic

__ prints are visible prints, made so by blood, paint, etc.

Visible

__ combines with fatty particles, mostly used for paper

Iodine fuming

__ forms purple-blue color, reacts with amino acids, sprayed on porous surfaces (i.e. paper), usually mixed with acetone, prints appear in 1-2 hrs, but heat can speed up the process, can locate prints 15 yrs and older

Ninhydrin

__ reacts with salts (and consumes proteins), reacts specifically with the chlorine ion, developed by exposure to UV light, brown color

Silver Nitrate

__ vapor adheres to fatty oils in latent (invisible) prints, prints are white and permanent

Super Glue (cyanoacrylate) fuming

__ cause objects to fluoresce when illuminated by laser, viewed through a barrier filter, fluoresces off of perspiration, prints can also be treated with chemicals to help them fluorescePortableMonochromaticleuco crystal violet (LCV), ninhydrin and amido black - enhances blood

Lasers and Alternate Light sources

AFIS is ( Automated __ Identification System)

Fingerprint

According to what guidelines are humans check fingerprint matches etc.?

ASE-V

What is CODIS?

DNA

What is NIBIN?

National Integrated Ballistics Information Network

What is SICAR?

Shoeprint image capture and retrieval

What is PDQ?

Paint Data Query (used for car paints mostly)

What event was treated like a crime scene, GPS systems were plotted, evidence was separated/ bagged and the city, the country was determined to figure out what happened, why it happened, and how it happened, as well as who made it happen?

World Trade Center

What cause was determined from The American Airlines Flight 587 crash over Queens a few months after 9/11?

human error

__ is Medical doctor that performs the autopsy, trained to look for the medical cause of death.

forensic pathologist

Cause is What medically caused a person to die such as blunt force trauma, heart attack, internal hemorrhaging etc. What is __ the legal classification for the death?

Manner

relating to the heart.

Cardiac-

relating to the brain.

Cerebral-

relating to the stomach

Gastric-

relating to lungs

Pulmonary-

a weakening of the blood vessel wall with dilation of the vessel and often subsequent rupture, causing severe bleeding

Aneurysm

bleeding either outside the body or into a body cavity

Hemorrhage-

Muscles relax and then become rigid, it goes away after 36 hours.

Rigor Mortis-

The temperature of death

Algor Mortis-

When complex structures composed of proteins, carbohydrates, sugars, collagen and lipids return to their simplest building blocks what is the process called?

Dust to Dust-

The role of a __ is to produce truthful and objective images

forensic photographer

The F stop is the number on the camera that measures the __

aperture

__ is a photography technique that captures very small details on items such as fingerprints, bullet casings etc.

Macro-

ABFO created the __photo scales which were originally used for bite marks.

L shaped

__ is double stranded and shaped in a double helix. Composed of nucleotides, complementary base pairs (adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine) 3 billion base pairs in nuclear DNA, 16.600 base pairsDNA codes for proteins (the body cannot work without it)

DNA-

__ technique used to identify individuals using characteristics of someone’s DNA.

DNA Typing-

Where fire started

Origin and Cause-

Inverted V patterns indicate very high heat, possibly __

arson-

__ are helpful in narrowing down where to sample evidence from. Noses sensitive enough to pick up small bits of accelerant residues.

Canines-

__ stance: Muscles contract because of high heat. This can break bones and skin, appears to be like a defensive posture.

Pugilistic-

How does fire start?

Explosion

Flies do NOT fly or lay eggs at __, in the rain, before sunrise, or when temperature is below 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

night-

Impression Evidence have 2 dimensions; length and width but no __.

depth

Objects or materials that have retained the characteristics of other objects or materials through direct physical contact

Impression Evidence-

__ are the places where impressions will be likely. Use oblique (lighting from a different angle) to make impression visible.

Where

What is the term for an impression that has length, width and depth

Dimensional (3D) Impression-